meijiwindhotmail com LI CHUNYI PC Components PC DIY
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電腦組裝與維護 楊凱強 meijiwind@hotmail. com 原作 : LI , CHUN-YI
PC Components PC DIY Building Network 維護
范紐曼模式(Von Neumann machine concept)
Von Neumann machine Components Memory: 儲存資料 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): 執行算數運 算與邏輯運算 Input/Output (I/O): 接受外界的資料和傳 送內部資料出去 Control Unit: 控制其他部份的運作.
電腦世代 SSI (Small Scale Integration) 小型積體電路(1965 開始) MSI (Medium Scale Integration) 中型積體電路( ~ 1971)-3, 000個元 件 LSI(Large Scale Integration) 大型積體電路(1971 -1977) VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) 超大型積體電路(1978 ~) ULSI(Ultra Large Scale Integration)極大型積體電路>100, 000 個元件
motherboard 晶片組 (chipset) – 可視為是電腦系統的心臟 匯流排 (buses) – 資料匯流排 (data bus) – 位址匯流排 (address bus) – 控制匯流排 (control bus) 擴充槽 (expansion slots) – 加速圖形連接埠 (accelerate graphics port, AGP) – 週邊連接介面 (peripheral connection interface, PCI) 其他常見的連接埠 (posts) – 通用序列匯流排 (universal serial bus, USB) 連接埠 – 序列連接埠 (serial ports) – 並列連接埠 (parallel port)
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 「處理器」 就是一般人俗稱的 在整部電腦的重要性就宛如大腦對於人的 地位一樣 在大多數的電腦當中CPU的任務被切分成 三塊: ALU CU – control unit : it directs program flow. Does all the Controls and computing checks – arithmetic and logic unit : it performs operations on data. – Registers: a small amount of very fast computer Registers Workspace memory used to speed the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to commonly used values.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU規格&技術 快取記憶體的大小和用途 CPU時脈 – 內頻 = 外頻 x 倍頻係數 – 486 -100 MHz->P-200 MHz->P 2 -500 MHz->P 31 G->P 4 -1. 5 G Hyper-Threading(超執行緒) Hyper-Transport (超傳輸) 指令集:MMX、SSE、3 DNow!
雙核心 (dual core)
Memory Hierarchy Registers A cache is a collection of duplicate data, where the original data is expensive to fetch relative to the cache. Cache Main memory Disks Tapes Volatile Non-Volatile
Memory規格&技術 PC代號 規格 作頻率 PC 2100 DDR 266 133 PC 3200 DDR 2 400 100 PC 4200 DDR 2 533 133 PC 5300 DDR 2 667 166 PC 6400 DDR 2 800 200
IDE的Jumper & Master , Slave
PC Components PC DIY Building Network 維護
CPU slot 7 LGA 775 P 4/Celeron D Socket 939 Socket 754
PC Components PC DIY Building Network 維護
Network 網路就是一群通過一定 形式連接起來的電腦 由範圍區分網路 – LAN (Local Area Network) – MAN (Metropolitan Area Network ) – WAN (Wide Area Network )
OSI model
OSI model
OSI model
OSI model
OSI model
OSI model
OSI model
Data Encapsulation
Data Encapsulation
Physical Topology
雙絞線製作 正線:兩邊都按照EIAT/TIA 568 B 連接 反線: 568 A / 568 B 用途: PC-HUB、SWITCH-ROUTER 用途:PC-PC 、SWITCH-SWITCH
NIC & MAC Address Network Interface Card 每張NIC都有唯一的MAC Address – 或稱為Physical Address – Ipconfig/all
IP Address
IP Address Private IP – 節省 IP 的使用 – 讓網路設計時能有較大的彈性 – 10. 0 - 10. 255 (Class A) – 172. 16. 0. 0 - 172. 31. 255 (Class B) – 192. 168. 0. 0 - 192. 168. 255 (Class C)
DHCP(Client)
Domain Name 由於IP address不利於人類記憶,所以使 用有意義的Domain Name (例如: www. pchome. com. tw)來取代。 http: // www. pchome. com. (tw). com 商業團體 . net 網路服務機構 . org 財團法人、基金 會 . edu 教育、學術 . gov 政府單位 特定名稱 屬性通稱 區域代碼 . tw Taiwan . cn China . hk Hong Kong . mo Macao . tv Tuvalu . cc Cocos Islands . mu Mauritius
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup PPPo. E
Setup IP Address
Setup IP Address
Setup IP Address
Setup IP Address
Setup IP Address
Setup IP Address
PC Components PC DIY Building Network 維護
deadlock Deadlock 必要條件 – Mutual exclusion:resource是non-sharable mode。 – Hold and wait:存在一process至少hold一個 resource,並等待另一被 held之resource。 – Circular wait:迴圈式的等待。 – No preemption:resource不能被強取。
deadlock Ctrl + Alt + Delete => windows 作管理員
常用的網路指令 Ipconfig => 檢查配置 Ping IP位址 => 連接測試 Tracert 位址 => 追蹤路由 Arp =>解決硬體位址問題 – -a => 列出 – -d => 刪除 route print =>印出routing table ----------------------------Ipconfig/all Ping 127. 0. 0. 1 Ping tw. yahoo. com –l 999 -t Tracert tw. yahoo. com
Reference WIKIPEDIA 計算機概論—鄭苑鳳 PC Shopper – 2007年資訊產品採購情報 最新計算機概論—陳惠貞,陳玄玲 CISCO CCNA 1 & 2 -- CISCO Operating System 鳥哥的Linux私房菜 PC DIY 2005—施威銘研究室 新世代電腦入門—林佳生 電子書-故障維修判斷指導大全 http: //lips. lis. ntu. edu. tw/ytchiang/study/others/tcpip/osi. htm 2006 PCDIY- FLAG
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