Megan Malach Mouth Salivary glands Esophagus Upper esophageal

Megan Malach

Mouth Salivary glands Esophagus Upper esophageal sphincter Liver Stomach Pancreas Gallbladder Lower esophageal sphincter Duodenum Small intestine Ileum Jejunum Large intestine Colon Anus

� Chewing of food and digestion of starch � Contains salivary glands, tongue, and teeth in order to carry out this purpose � Food is crushed so that it may be passed along the esophagus and into the stomach Mouth

SALIVARY GLANDS � Produce salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of polysaccharides to simpler carbohydrates � Moistens food so that it can be chewed and swallowed � Saliva also helps to clean the mouth and kill germs

ESOPHAGUS “Tube” that transfers food from mouth to stomach � When food enters, causes contractions of muscle � Contractions known as “peristalsis”, this is how food is moved down to stomach � Peristalsis= why you can swallow upside down � This kid is trying to swallow upside down

�Sphincter “above” stomach and “below” esophagus �When contracted, food cannot enter the stomach When open, food may pass

H C A M O ST � Storage of food and initial digestion of proteins � Secretes hydrochloric acid (HCL) (breaks down food as it is highly acidic), pesinogen (enzyme), and mucus

� Secretes bile (helps with the breakdown of fats in stomach), emulsifies fat � Bile helps move fat along, and helps absorb fat soluble vitamins (vitamins “trapped” in fat) � Liver controls use of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins � Largest organ in body This is liver pate (I think there’s an accent on the e). It’s not actually as bad as it sounds. . .

� Production of digestive enzymes that act on food when it reaches the small intestine, stores bicarbonate ions to nuetralize HCL in stomach � Secretes pancreatic amylase (helps to break down carbohydrates), bicarbonate ions (to nuetralize HCL before it reaches the small intestine), trypsinogen, and lipase

GALLBLADDER �Stores and secretes concentrated bile from the liver �Can hold 50 m. L of bile �Shaped like a pear �Comes in plush form!

� Muscle that helps control movement of food � Sphincter “below” stomach and “above” small intestine � When contracted, food cannot enter stomach. When open, food can enter stomach The red thingie is where the lower sphincter is. This one’s here.

� Passage between stomach and intestines � Where food moves after mixing with stomach acid � Initial absorption of vitamins, minerals, other nutrients, etc begins in duodenum � Here, food mixes with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from pancreas (amylase, bicarbonate ions, etc)

�Digestion SMALL INTESTINE of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids; the absorption of nutrients �Composed of iluem (lower half) and jejunum (upper half)

� Vitamins A, D, sodium, water, and bile salts absorbed here � Most vitamins and minerals absorbed into body than at any other stage of digestion � Directly follows the duodenum

�Where any remaining nutrients from breakdown of protein (and some water-soluble vitamins) absorbed �Last part of ileum important, only place where vitamin B 12 can be absorbed

� Absorption of water and storage of undigested food � Composed of three sections: ascending colon, traverse colon, and descending colon � Secretes mucus � Produces solid waste

COLON � Absorbs remaining water and electrolytes from indigestible food � Absorbs fibre (which is technically indigestible) � Keeps body’s fluids regulated � Forms and helps to dispose of feces

�Connected to rectum (empties colon of feces) �Contains muscles (sphincters, internal and external) that are always contracted, so that feces only escape the body at an appropriate time �The end of the digestive system

� � � � http: //www. vitallywell. net/images/digestive-system-diagram. jpg http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002347. htm http: //vsearch. nlm. nih. gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/querymeta? v%3 Aproject=medlineplus&query=mouth&x=0&y=0 http: //mset. rst 2. edu/portfolios/d/demarco_a/toolsdev/finpro/s 02 osms. htm http: //2. bp. blogspot. com/_Nlofy 7 L_4 ZE/TBMv. Cq. KWrq. I/AAAADnc/j. A_RS VPyi. JI/s 1600/IMG_9068. JPG http: //www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/saliv ary. html http: //www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile. html http: //www. vivo. colostate. edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/pepsin. html http: //www. ece. ncsu. edu/imaging/Med. Img/SIMS/GE 1_3. html http: //www. eatatease. com/jejunum. html http: //www. eatatease. com/ileum. html http: //www. puristat. com/coloncleansing/colonfunction. aspx http: //www. cchs. net/health-info/docs/1600/1699. asp? index=7041 http: //alpinesurgical. net/uploads/expertise/esophagus. jpg

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