Meeting the Need Collaborative Justice and Treatment Courts

Meeting the Need: Collaborative Justice and Treatment Courts AMERSA 2018 Conference November 8, 2018

San Francisco Drug Court History Core Principles of Collaborative Courts Research

History (1970 – 1990) • Increased drug use and “war on drugs” • Staggering increases in criminal filings • Under funding of probation – unsupervised cases, inadequate reporting • Led to surge in incarcerated populations

History continued • Drug use not identified as concurrent problem to criminal activity • Treatment expensive • High recidivism; called revolving door syndrome

When did Drug Courts begin? • Miami Dade - 1989 - first Drug Court • Oakland - 1993 • National Association of Drug Court Professionals (Washington, DC) • 1994 Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act – $29 million in drug court funding

Core Principles • Clear legal incentives • Judicial supervision (case conferencing) • Multiple “second chances” • Rewards and sanctions • Drug testing • Case management • Collaborative Team approach

Adult Drug Courts Citation Institution(s) No. Drug Courts Crime Reduced Mitchell et al. (2012) U. S. F. , G. M. U. & Penn. State 92 12% Rempel et al. (2012) Urban Institute, CCI & RT I 23 13% Wilson et al. (2006) Campbell Collaborative 55 14% Latimer et al. (2006) Canada Dept. of Justice 66 9% Shaffer (2010) University of Nevada 76 9% Lowenkamp et al. (2005) University of Cincinnati 22 8% Aos et al. (2006) Washington State Inst. for Public Policy 57 8%

Cost Effectiveness Citation # Drug Courts Avg. Benefit Per Avg. Cost Saving P e r Cl i e nt $1 Invested Rossman et al. (2011) N = 23 (National Sample) $2. 00 $5, 680 Bhati et al. (2008) National Data $2. 21 N/ A Aos et al. (2006) National Data N/ A $4, 767 Carey et al. (2006) N=9 (California) $3. 50 $11, 000 Barnoski & Aos (2003) N=5 (Washington State) $1. 74 $2, 888

San Francisco Drug Court Program 2016 – 2017 Activity Report 9

San Francisco Drug Court Program January 1, 2016 – December 31, 2017 266 clients referred 58 clients graduated Race - Referred Clients n=266 Latino/a Other 22% 8% Age - Referred Clients n=266 35 -44 32% Unknown African American 8% 24% White 31% Native American 1% 45 -54 17% Asian/Pac Islander 6% 55 -64 25 -34 3% 38% 65+ 18 -24 2% 6% 10

San Francisco Drug Court Program January 1, 2016 – December 31, 2017 11

San Francisco Drug Court Program January 1, 2016 – December 31, 2017 Exiting Clients n=266* Unsuitable 6% New Fleony Charge 9% Graduated 20% Court Terminated 33% Self Terminated 33% 0 *Unduplicated clients 20 40 60 80 100 12

San Francisco Drug Court Program 13

Collaborative Courts in San Francisco (Adult) • Adult Drug Court (1995) • Behavioral Health Court (2003) • Community Justice Center (2009) • Family Treatment Court (2007) • Intensive Supervision Court (2010) • Parole Revocation Court/Calendar (2015) • Veterans Justice Court (2013) • Young Adult Court (2015)

Contact Information Lisa Lightman Director, San Francisco Collaborative Courts San Francisco Superior Court 415 -551 -3983 phone llightman@sftc. org