MEETING OF THREE WORLDS 1 THREE CULTURES 1NATIVE

MEETING OF THREE WORLDS • 1. THREE CULTURES • 1)NATIVE AMERICAN • 2)EUROPEAN (SP, PO, DU, BR {ENG. }, FR) • 3)AFRICAN • (#2, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, NETHERLANDS, UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE)

THREE WORLDS • 1. THE MEETING OF THREE WORLDS – THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA • 2. NATIVE AMERICANS OCCUPIED (NOT OWNED) THE LAND. • 3. EUROPEANS-EXPANSION…WHY? GLORY, GOLD, GOD • 4. AFRICANS-MOSTLY, FORCED MIGRATION

EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT, CH. 2 • 1. COLONIES (SETTLEMENTS) WERE ESTABLISHED IN/ON THE LAND OF NORTH AMERICA (NA. ) • 2. SP, UK, NE, AND FR SETTLED IN NA. • 3. THESE NATIONS HAD INTERACTIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS.

VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION

AGE OF DISCOVERY, 14 TH – 17 TH CENTURIES • The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was a period in human history starting in the 15 th century and continuing into the 17 th century, during which Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular trade goods. The most desired trading goods were gold, silver and spices.

VIRGINIA • 1. 1 ST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN • • NA , JAMESTOWN, VA 2. HOW? BY A JOINT STOCK COMPANY, THE VIRGINIA COMPANY 1)A GROUP OF MEN PLANNED TO MAKE A PROFIT BY SENDING PEOPLE TO AMERICA TO FIND GOLD AND OTHER VALUABLE RESOURCES AND THEN SHIP THE RECOURCES BACK TO ENGLAND (UK)

OLDEST CITIES IN AMERICA • 1. ACOMA, NM, USA, 1150 • 2. MEXICO CITY, MEX, 1325 • 3. ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND, CAN, 1528 • 4. ST. AUGUSTINE, FL, USA, 1565 • 5. SANTA FE, NM, USA, 1598 • 6. JAMESTOWN, VA, USA, 1607

OLDEST CITIES OF THE USA • Ten oldest continuously occupied U. S. cities: 1) Acoma, New Mexico, 1150 2) St. Augustine, Florida, 1565 3) Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1609 4) Hampton, Virginia, 1610 5) Newport News, Virginia, 1611/21 6) Albany, New York, 1614/24 7) New York, 1624 8) Quincy, Massachusetts, 1625 9) Salem, Massachusetts, 1626 10) Jersey City, New Jersey, 1629

VIRGINIA, CONTINUED • 3. VA. COMP. ESTABLISHED LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (LEG ASS), HOUSE OF BURGESSES, 1619 (GOVERNMENT) • 1)1 ST EUROPEAN-TYPE LEG. IN NEW WORLD • 2)LIKE ENGLAND’S PARLIAMENT (LAWMAKING BODY OF PEOPLE)

VIRGINIA, CONTINUED • 4. MANY SETTLED IN JAMESTOWN • 5. NO GOLD • 6. TOBACCO FARMING (FROM NATIVE • • • AMERICANS) 1)CASH CROP…MONEY FOR ENG AND VA. COMP. , SOURCE OF WEALTH 2)RESULTS OF TOBACCO FARMING A. SOCIAL DIVISIONS a. LANDOWNERS b. NONLANDOWNERS B. LABOR INTENSIVE (REQUIRING MANY WORKERS) RESULTING OF IMPORTATION OF BLACK, AFRICAN SLAVES…DEPENDENCE, 1619

EUROPEAN (ENGLISH-BRITISH) JAMESTOWN AND NATIVE AMERICAN INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS, EUROPEANS AND NATIVE AMERICANS • 1. EUROPEANS (VIRGINIANS) FORCED NATIVES FROM LAND. • 2. CONFLICT WITH THE POWHATAN INDIANS • 3. EUROPEANS WANTED LAND TO GROW “BROWN GOLD”…TOBACCO • 4. CONFLICT: BACON’S REBELLION, 1676

INTERACTIONS, BACON’S REBELLION, 1676 • 1) Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising in 1676 in the • • Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter-landowner. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part and attacked Jamestown; it was a protest against the Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley 2) Landless, poorer frontier Europeans wanted land Governor Berkeley refused to support; ALSO WANTED A VOICE IN HOUSE OF BURGESSES 3)RESULT: REBELLION

REBELLION • 1)CONFLICT PUT DOWN • 2)HOUSE OF BURGESSES: LAWS TO REGULATE SLAVERY SO POOR WHITES WOULD NOT LONGER SIDE WITH SLAVES AGAINST RICH PLANTERS

EFFECTS OF REBELLION • On July 30, 1676, Bacon and his makeshift army issued a Declaration of the People of Virginia, demanding that Indians in the area be killed or removed, and an end of the rule of "parasites. " The declaration also criticized Berkeley's administration, accusing him of levying unfair taxes, of appointing friends to high positions, and of failing to protect outlying farmers from Indian attack. After months of conflict, Bacon's forces burned the colonial capital Jamestown to the ground on September 19, 1676.

EFFECTS, REBELLION • Governor Berkeley returned to power, seizing the • property of several rebels and hanging 23 men. After an investigative committee returned its report to King Charles II, Berkeley was relieved of the governorship, and returned to England. The rebellion played a role in the movement of large tobacco planters moving from indentured servants to African slave labor.

NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENT • WHY “NEW ENGLAND”?

NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENT • 1. WHY “NEW ENGLAND? ” • 2. 1 ST ESTABLISHED BY PURITANS, CHURCH OF • • ENGLAND MEMBERS, WHO WANTED TO “PURIFY” THE CHURCH, IN MASSACHUSETTS 3. WHILE JAMESTOWN COLONY WAS FOR PROFIT, MASSACHUSETTS PURITANS WANTED BETTER LIFE AND FREEDOM TO PRACTICE RELIGION 1) JOHN WINTHROP, 1 ST GOVERNOR, MODEL NEW SOCIETY, “CITY UPON A HILL”

NEW ENGLAND • 4. 2 ND PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY IN NA, PLYMOUTH, MASS, 1620 • 5. PURITAN SEPARATISTS, PILGRIMS • 6. NOT TOLERANT OF OTHER RELIGIONS • 7. MAYFLOWER COMPACT, NOV. , 1620 • 8. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY, 1630

JOHN WINTHROP MAYFLOWER COMPACT

MAYFLOWER COMPACT • The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the Separatists later known as the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower, seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of the English Church.

NEW ENGLAND, RHODE ISLAND • 1. FOUNDER, ROGER WILLIAMS, NAMED IT PROVIDENCE, 1636 • 2. FOUNDED BY RELIGIOUS DISSENTERS MORE TOLERANT

ROGER WILLIAMS • Roger Williams (December 21, 1603–April 1, 1683) was an English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. In 1644, he received a charter creating the colony of Rhode Island, named for the principal island in Narragansett Bay. He is credited for originating either the first or second Baptist church established in America, which he is known to have left soon afterwards, exclaiming, "God is too large to be housed under one roof. "

NEW ENGLAND • 1. TOWN MEETINGS RAN SETTLEMENTS (ORIGINS OF • • REPRESENTATIVE GOVT IN N. AMERICAN COLONIES) 2. ROYAL COLONIES WERE GOVERNED BY ROYAL GOVERNORS AND ELECTED LEGISLATURE 1)MEMBERS: DEVOTED CHURCH MEMBER…A GOOD PURITAN 2)INCREASING POPULATION…LESS COVENANT (RELATIONSHIP) WITH GOD 3)RESULT: HALF-WAY COVENANT-PARTIAL CHURCH MEMBERSHIP FOR CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN OF ORIGINAL PURITANS

NATIVE AMERICAN INTERACTIONS IN NEW ENGLAND • 1. PEQUOT WAR, 1637, AT MYSTIC RIVER • 2. KING PHILIP’S WAR, 1675 -76 • 3. RESULTS: HEAVY LOSS OF LIFE FOR COLONISTS AND NATIVES…LARGE AREAS OF S. NEW ENGLAND BECAME ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS

• The Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1634 -1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes), against the Pequot tribe.

• King Philip's War, sometimes called • Metacom's War or Metacom's Rebellion, was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England English colonists and their Native American allies from 1675– 1676. The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Metacomet, Metacom, or Pometacom, known to the English as "King Philip. "

MASSACHUSETTS CHARTER • 1. CANCELED IN 1686 • 2. BECAME A ROYAL COLONY, 1691, GOVERNED BY ENGLAND WITH CENTRAL AUTHORITY, DISLIKED BY COLONISTS • 3. WHY? TO GAIN MORE CONTROL OF TRADE IN THE COLONIES

MASSACHUSETTS SALEM WITCH TRIALS, 1690 S • 1. REMEMBER, MASS. , A PURITAN COLONY • 2. REASONS • 1) EXTREME RELIGIOUS FAITH • 2) STRESS FROM GROWING POPULATION AND • ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NAT. AM. 3) FEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS TO PARTICIPATE IN PURITAN SOCIETY

SALEM WITCH TRIALS • The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex Counties of colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. The two courts convicted twenty-nine people of the capital felony of witchcraft. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged. One man (Giles Cory) who refused to enter a plea was crushed to death under heavy stones in an attempt to force him to do so. At least five more of the accused died in prison.

SALEM WITCH TRIALS

MIDDLE-ATLANTIC COLONIES • • 1. PENNSYLVANIA, WILLIAM PENN, 1681 1)RELIGIOUS TOLERANT QUAKERS 2. NEW YORK, 1621, SETTLED BY THE DUTCH, CALLED NEW NETHERLAND, WITH CAPITAL, NEW AMSTERDAM (AFTER AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS IN EUROPE) 1) FUR TRADE, BUSINESS 2) FRIENDLIER WITH NATIVES THAN ENGLISH 3) BRITISH TAKE OVER IN 1664 4) NAME CHANGE: NEW YORK; NEW YORK CITY

NEW NETHERLAND

WILLIAM PENN • William Penn (October • 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. state of Pen Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. (City of Brotherly Love)

NEW AMSTERDAM, LATER NYC

NEW FRANCE • 1. FRANCE WANTED COLONIES FOR RESOURCES…LIKE • • ENGLAND…FOR SHIPMENT BACK TO FRANCE 2. 1 ST FR. SETTLEMENT IN NA, QUEBEC, IN CANADA 3. RELIGIOUS GOAL: FRANCE, SPREAD ROMAN CATHOLICISM • 4. RELIGIOUS GOAL ENGLAND, SPREAD PROTESTANTISM, CHURCH OF ENGLAND • 5. MAIN GOAL OF ENG AND FR: LOCATE NATURAL RESOURCES

QUEBEC, NEW FRANCE