Mediterranean lakes in Italy Aldo Marchetto CNR Institute

Mediterranean lakes in Italy Aldo Marchetto CNR Institute for Ecosystem Study

Mediterranean lakes in Italy • Italian types • Correspondance to Spanish types • Sampling protocols and metrics

76 Italian natural lakes larger than 0. 5 km 2 57 in the North (on and around the Alps) 19 in the Mediterranea part of the country natural reservoirs

National tipology: Ecoregion “Italy, Corsica and Malta”: ME-1 z mean < 15 m, polimictic 2 ME-2 z mean < 15 m, not polimictic, calcareous 6 ME-3 z mean < 15 m, not polimictic, siliceous 0 ME-4 z mean > 15 m, calcareous 2 ME-5 z mean > 15 m, siliceous 0 ME-6 z mean < 15 m, volcanic 1 ME-7 z mean > 15 m, volcanic 7 S paleosaline (brackish not connected to the sea) 1 + reservoirs

origin Altitude 32 – 1500 m Permanent – Humidity < 2 Correspondance to Spanish types Depth cond alk size # (m) (m. S/cm) (ha) karstic 4 -30 <500 >1 30 -70 2 12 tectonic 3 -6 500 -1500 (49, 000) 14012, 800 4 volcanic (8) 34 -164 <500 2 -5 3011, 400 9 nat. dam 32 <500 4 93 1 flood plain 7 -20 400 -600 50 -150 3 tertiary dune 2000 4 46 1 10 (meq/l) 3 -5 (20) 3 -4 26

origin Altitude 32 – 1500 m Permanent – Humidity < 2 Correspondance to Spanish types Depth cond alk size # (m) (m. S/cm) (ha) karstic 4 -30 <500 >1 tectonic 3 -6 500 -1500 (49, 000) (meq/l) 3 -5 (20) volcanic (8) 34 -164 <500 2 -5 nat. dam 32 30 -70 2 12 140 - reference ? , 1 small 4 12, 800 1 moderate 3011, 400 9 <500 4 93 1 flood plain 7 -20 400 -600 50 -150 3 tertiary dune 2000 4 10 3 -4 1 reference 46 2 moderate 1 26

Very shallow Very deep

Reference values, H/G and G/M boundaries Common IC types - chlorophyll a m(g/l) 25 Very shallow 20 Very deep 15 10 5 8 a LN 6 a LN 5 a LN 3 a LN 2 b LN 2 a LN 1 LN c LM sw LM L 4 LA L 3 LA TL LA B 3 LC B 2 LC LC B 1 0

Sampling protocols and metrics Phytoplankton Integrated samples, 0 to 2. 5 SD >6 times per year metrics: average chlorophyll average biovolume % cyanobacteria Med. PTI (weighted averaging)

Sampling protocols and metrics Macrophytes 1 transect per homogenous site 1 point every 1 -meter depth 4 rake samples by points Presence/absecnce => 0 -4 abundance Hydrophytes, only (no elophytes) metrics: max depth, weighted averaging

Sampling protocols and metrics Benthos transects: 3 replicates x 3 zones (littoral, sublittoral, profundal) twice per year mesh size 0. 25 -0. 3 mm (ISO 9391) species level (mainly for Chironomids and Oligochaets) metrics: weighted averaging, weighted diversity

Sampling protocols and metrics Fish CEN multimesh gillnet Electrophising Metrics: PSD population structure density NPUE number per unit catch effort