Medieval Power Struggles Kings vs The Church Hierarchical

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Medieval Power Struggles Kings vs. The Church

Medieval Power Struggles Kings vs. The Church

Hierarchical Brainstorm • Knowing what you do about the feudal hierarchy and the hierarchy

Hierarchical Brainstorm • Knowing what you do about the feudal hierarchy and the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, what conflicts could potentially develop between kings and the church?

Church Justice • Canon Law • Excommunication • The law of the church which

Church Justice • Canon Law • Excommunication • The law of the church which affected ALL Christians • Banishment from the church – No chance for salvation – All vassals freed from service • Interdiction • Sacraments, religious ceremonies, could not be performed in a kings land

How far could they go • Do you think the pope would be able

How far could they go • Do you think the pope would be able to excommunicate a king? • Why or why not?

The Contenders In this Corner Pope Gregory VII of Rome In this Corner King

The Contenders In this Corner Pope Gregory VII of Rome In this Corner King Henry IV of Germany

The Issue • Lay investiture • A ceremony where a king or nobles chose

The Issue • Lay investiture • A ceremony where a king or nobles chose church officials • Kings named powerful bishops who were loyal to them • Church reformers felt no bishop should be under the power of any king

The First Round • War of words • Gregory banned lay investiture in 1075

The First Round • War of words • Gregory banned lay investiture in 1075 • Henry called a meeting of his bishops and wrote a vicious letter to the Pope • Henry referred to the Pope as a “false monk” and called for him to step down

On the ropes • The “e” card • The pope excommunicated Henry and threatened

On the ropes • The “e” card • The pope excommunicated Henry and threatened interdiction • Henry looked for support from German bishops and princes who sided with the Pope • Determined to save his throne Henry tried to win forgiveness

The Knockout • Showdown at Canossa • Henry crossed the snowy alps as a

The Knockout • Showdown at Canossa • Henry crossed the snowy alps as a beggar to the Italian town of Canossa • Pope Gregory made him wait three days outside in the snow before ending the excommunication

The Result • Winner TBD • A gracious Henry rushed back to Germany to

The Result • Winner TBD • A gracious Henry rushed back to Germany to punish the nobles that did not support him • The Pope embarrassed one of the most powerful rulers in Europe • The question of lay investiture remained undecided

The Result • Concordat of Worms • The fight continued over lay investiture until

The Result • Concordat of Worms • The fight continued over lay investiture until 1122 • A compromise was reached in the German city of Worms • Only the church could appoint a bishop but a king could veto someone unacceptable

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