MEDIEVAL EUROPE MEDIEVAL TIME PERIOD 476 CE1500 CE

MEDIEVAL EUROPE “MEDIEVAL TIME PERIOD” 476 CE-1500 CE

FRANKISH EMPIRE � Charles Martel � Pepin the Short � Charlemagne � Louis the Pius

FRANKISH EMPIRE What started the relationship between Pope Leo III & Charlemagne? How did Leo reward Charlemagne? Reactions to this move?

TREATY OF VERDUN � Lothair- Central Frankish Empire � Louis the German- Eastern Frankish Empire � Charles the Bald- Western Frankish Empire

FEUDALISM

FEUDALISM � What are the mutual obligations in a feudalistic family? King/ Lord/ Peasant

FEUDALISM Knighthood: - tournaments - chivalry - becoming a knight

FEUDALISM Manors - What was life like on the manors? - How was a manor self–sufficient?

MEDIEVAL CHURCH

MEDIEVAL CHURCH � Basilica � Romanesque � Gothic All churches were built in the form of a Latin Cross.

HIERARCHIES! � What � Why is a hierarchy? do hierarchies matter? � What is the hierarchy of our school district?

MEDIEVAL CHURCH Church Hierarchy: Ø Pope Ø Archbishop Ø Bishop/Abbot Ø Priest/Monk Ø Friar

MEDIEVAL CHURCH Monasticism: ü Abbots/ Monks ü Monastery ü Duties ü St. Benedict’s rule ü ü ü Vow of Chastity Vow of Poverty Vow of Obedience

MEDIEVAL CHURCH Purpose of Medieval Church: � Pilgrimages � Santiago de Compostela � Remains of St. Paul Relics � Miracles � � START READING ON PAGE 193!

MEDIEVAL CHURCH PROBLEMS: � What does each of these mean? � Simony � Priests Marrying � Lay Investiture � How are each of these a problem for the church?

MEDIEVAL CHURCH HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 936 Otto I � Supported Bishops and Abbots � Defeated unruly Princes � 962 Named Emperor of the HRE �

MEDIEVAL CHURCH HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Explain the investiture controversy. � Who was Pope Gregory VII? � Who was Henry IV of Germany? � What was the Concordat of Worms? �

MEDIEVAL CHURCH HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 1077 Pope Gregory VII bans Lay Investiture � Henry IV wrote a nasty letter to the Pope � Pope Gregory VII then excommunicates Henry IV � Henry begged in snow for three days forgiveness � Pope forgave Henry at Canossa � 1122 Concordat of Worms was passed � Pope appoints Bishop � Emperor can veto �

MEDIEVAL CHURCH HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Who was Frederick I “Barbarossa”? � What was the Lombard League? � Why was this significant? � What was the fate of Barbarossa? �

MEDIEVAL CHURCH HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 1152 seven German Princes elect Barbarossa of Germany � He invaded the rich cities of Italy � His enemies form the Lombard League � 1176 foot soldiers defeated Barbarossa using crossbows in the Battle of Legano � 1177 Barbarossa made peace with the Pope and returned to Germany. � 1190 Barbarossa drowns and the HRE dissolves �

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION � What is a revolution? What can cause a revolution? � Commercial Revolution � Agriculture � Guilds � Medieval Business

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION AGRICULTURE � Iron Plow � Windmill � Harness � Three-Field System

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION GUILDS Masons � Carpenters � Stone Cutters � Blacksmith � Journeymen � Apprentice � Guild Master �

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION MEDIEVAL BUSINESS Charter � Partnership � Bill of Exchange � Tenant Farmers � Middle Class � Usury �

UPPER MIDDLE AGES 1066 -1525

CRUSADES

1 ST CRUSADE � � � 1 ST CRUSADE CONTINUED Muslim Turks threatened the Byzantium Empire Pope Urban II What are some reasons to fight in the Crusades? � � � 1097 mostly French Unorganized Inadequate supply lines Less than ¼ actually made it to Jerusalem After a month of fighting, they won a stretch of land from Edessa to Jerusalem. CRUSADES

CRUSADES 2 nd Crusade � 1144 Turks reclaimed Edessa strip � 1187 Jerusalem was reclaimed by the Turks

CRUSADES 3 rd Crusade “Kings Crusade” 11871192 � � Richard the Lionheart of England Phillip Augustus of France Fredrick Barbarossa of the HRE 1192 a truce was made between Saladin and Richard: Christians can practice Christianity freely in the Muslim controlled Jerusalem

CRUSADES 4 th Crusade 1198 � � Pope Innocent III wanted to recapture Jerusalem Italians/ Byzantium's to join forces and leave from Constantinople 1204 Italians robbed Constantinople Resulted in a permanent split between churches

EFFECTS Christians � Lessened the power of the pope � Weakened feudal nobility • Muslims � Left bitterness and hatred � Established rivalry with Christians Both Established & stimulated trade • Cultural diffusion

DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH POWER

ENGLAND � � � 1066 Edward the Confessor dies without and heir Canute invaded England molding Anglo-Saxons and Vikings William Duke of Normandy/Harold Godwinson both claim the throne William of Normandy Harold Godwinson

ENGLAND � Norman Invasion � � � William defeats Harold at The Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror Doomsday Book Beaux Tapestry Effect of William � � Lineage of English kings Modern & united England

ENGLAND � Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine owned lands in France � Established royal courts � Established a jury system

ENGLAND � Magna Carta � � � Henry had two sons as king (Richard and John) John Softsword 1991216 � Lost Normandy � High Taxes � Forced to sign Magna Carta � Taxation � Jury � Protection of Law

ENGLAND � Parliament � � � Edward I lost more lands 1295 two burgesses and two knights from every county came to serve 1295 knights, burgesses, bishops and lords met at Westminster 1300 to 1400 Kings called on Parliament to raise taxes House of Commons/House of Lords

100 YEARS WAR 1337 -1453

100 YEARS WAR Philip IV of France dies without any rightful heirs in France � Edward III of England was grandson to Philip IV and claimed the French crown � England invaded France �

100 YEARS WAR � Battle of Crecy- 1346 � Longbow was introduced for the first time � Changed Medieval Chivalry for ever � English won

100 YEARS WAR � Battles of Portiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415) both major battles won by the English with long bows � A truce was signed that would have given Henry V of England the French crown after Charles VI died

100 YEARS WAR � Joan of Arc becomes a French Mystic � � God told her that she could kick the English out of France for good. Charles VI tells her to help break the siege of Orleans, and she does

100 YEARS WAR Joan is caught and burned at the stake by the English in 1431 � The French officially defeat the English in 1453 �

100 YEARS WAR � Effects of the 100 Years War � Strengthened French Monarch � Strengthened English Parliament � Nationalism was developed � End of chivalry � Marked an end to the Middle Ages

BUBONIC PLAGUE “Black Death” � Killed 25 million � Began in Asia � Took four years to reach every corner of Europe � Jews were blamed � Disrupted Feudalism �

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE � Weakened social structure (feudalism) � How? � Made middle class more powerful � How?

GREAT SCHISM

GREAT SCHISM � � Urban VI � � Clement VII � 1303 Philip IV captured Boniface VIII 1305 Clement V (French Pope) “Babylonian Captivity” 1378 Gregory XI died, cardinals were forced to elect Urban VI (Italian Pope) French elected Clement VII Rome then elects Boniface IX, then Gregory

GREAT SCHISM � � Gregory XII � John XXIII � Martin V Council of Pisa elected John XXIII 1414 All three popes were forced to resign Why would all three resign their position? 1417 Martin V was elected pope ending the Great Schism

GREAT SCHISM TIMELINE

EFFECTS OF THE GREAT SCHISM Why is this situation a problem for the church? � Who’s authority is questioned as a result of this situation? �