MedicalSurgical Asepsis Presented by Mrs Kriminger Prepared by
Medical/Surgical Asepsis Presented by: Mrs. Kriminger Prepared by: Cynthia Bartlau, RN, PHN, MSN
Objectives n At the completion of this lesson the student will be able to Discuss concepts related to the chain of infection n Differentiate medical and surgical asepsis n Discuss equipment used for maintaining medical and/or surgical asepsis n Identify common sources for contamination n Describe proper hand placement during aseptic procedures n
Beginning of Modern Asepsis Previous to the discovery of asepsis many people died due to post-operative (and other) infection n Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis n n n Told doctors to wash their hands Scottish surgeon named Joseph Lister Inspired by Louis Pasteur’s formulation of the germ theory of disease n Used carbolic acid in operating rooms n n Drastic reduction in infections
Theory of Infection Control n Microorganisms Bacteria n Fungi n Viruses n Protozoa n
n Pathogenic n Disease causing n Infectious agent n Causes disease in healthy person n Opportunistic pathogen n Causes disease in susceptible person n Virulence n Communicable n diseases Non-pathogenic n Resident flora n Colonization n Can cause disease if transmitted to other areas
Infection n Local n n Specific area of body is infected Systemic n Microorganisms spread & damage other body areas n Bacteremia when microbes enter blood stream n Septicemia – when bacteremia spreads through all of the body systems n Acute vs. chronic infection
n Nosocomial – infections that occur as a result of health care delivery Endogenous source n Exogenous sources n n Iatrogenic – infection directly caused by any diagnostic or therapeutic source
n Drug-Resistant Pathogens MRSA n VRE n MDR TB n
Causative Agent Reservoir Bacteria People Viruses Equipment Fungi Water Protozoa Helminthes Susceptible Host Neonates Diabetics Chain of Portal of Exit Infection Secretions Excretions Immunosuppressed Droplets Cardiopulmonary Disease Skin Portal of Entry Broken Skin/Mucous Membrane Gastrointestinal/Respiratory/ Urinary Tract Mode of Transmission Direct-Indirect Contact/Fomite Injection/Ingestion
Medical Asepsis AKA: Clean technique n Practices that inhibit the growth & spread of pathogenic microorganisms n Handwashing n Standard precautions n Transmission based precautions n PPE n
n The JCAHO Sentinel Event Alert quotes Julie Gerberding, MD, director of the CDC, as stating n Clean hands are the single most important factor in preventing the spread of dangerous germs and antibiotic resistance. Beyea, S. C. (2003, July). Keeping patients safe from infection - Patient safety first. AORN Journal.
Antiseptics Prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms n Not effective against spores or viruses n Can be use on the skin n Alcohol n Betadine n
Disinfection Destruction of pathogens other than spores n Boiling water and chemicals n Bleach solutions n Zephirin n Irritate or damage skin n Used on objects not people n
Surgical Asepsis AKA: Sterile technique n Practices that destroy all microorganisms & their spores n Used in specialized areas & skills n Care of surgical wounds n Catheter insertion n Invasive procedures n Surgery n
Sterilization n Destruction of pathogens & non-pathogens, including spores and viruses Steam under pressure n Gas n Radiation n Chemicals n n Autoclave is most common piece of equipment used
n CDC recommendations Preoperative/prophylactic antibiotic administration n No preoperative hair removal (unless hair will interfere with operation) n
Sterile Technique Procedures that keep an object or area free from living organisms n Sterile vs. contaminated areas n Articles must remain away from and in front of the body and above the waist n
Sterile Technique Never reach across the sterile field n Never turn your back to the sterile field n Two inches around border is considered contaminated n Sterile field must be kept dry n
Sterile Gloving Only touch the outside of the package with bare hands. n The inside of the package, in which the gloves are placed, is considered sterile. n The wrapper, when opened provides a sterile field. n Grasp only the outside edge of the wrapper. n
n n The inside of the glove may be touched with the bare hand Grasp the first glove at the top edge of the foldeddown cuff and slip in hand Slip gloved fingers into cuff of second glove and slip in second hand without contaminating The outer aspect of the glove must remain sterile n n Includes wrist area Keep hands above level of waist Sterile to sterile only If contamination occurs, start again with new pair of gloves
Techniques to Remove Articles from Sterile Wraps n Drop technique n n n Mitten technique n n n For gauze pads, dressings, small items Wrapper is partially opened , held upside down over sterile field, dropped onto sterile field For bowls, drapes, linen… Using the wrap as a mitten, sterile supplies can be placed on a sterile field Transfer forceps n n For cotton balls, small items, or articles Sterile gloves or transfer forceps are used to transfer objects to sterile field
Careers: n Surgical Technologist – Technology Program (12 months / Full Time) $19. 19/hr or $39, 920 per year + job outlook n What do they do? n Where do they work? n
n Surgeon – Completes Medical School then surgical residency Additional 3 -8 years of r n Various specialties: cardiac, neurology, orthopedics, etc. . n $356, 000 per year and up n
Questions?
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