Medical Terminology Part four 1 Basic Parts of

Medical Terminology Part four 1

Basic Parts of Medical Words 1. Roots: usually the middle of the word and its central meaning 2. Prefix: a syllable at the beginning of the word which usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning 3. Suffix: comes at the end of the central meaning and refers to what or who is interacting or what is happening regarding it. 2

Prefix Root Suffix • beginning of the word • identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning • middle of the word • its central meaning • end of the word • what is happening or who is referred to 3

Example Myocarditis Root: card (referring to the heart) Prefix: myo (referring to the muscle) Suffix: itis (inflammation) • Meaning: inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart • Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix, back to the beginning of the term, and then across. 4

Myocarditis 5

Changes • Prefix change: Pericarditis (inflammation of the outer layer of the heart) Endocartitis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart) • Suffix change: Cardiologist ( a physician specializing in the heart) Cardiomyopathy (damage to heart muscle layer) Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) 6

Also: Combining vowels • Usually is the letter “O” but may be A, E, I, U or Y • Usually has no meaning of its own but is used to connect the root and the suffix or two roots and two suffixes • Example: ELECTR O CARDI O GRAM GASTR O ENTER ITIS 7

Examples • GASTR O ENTER O LOGY (ROOT) (SUFFIX) • GASTR O SCOPE (ROOT) (SUFFIX) • GASTR IC (ROOT) (SUFFIX) • GASTR O ENTER ITIS (ROOT) (SUFFIX) 8

Plurals 1. Words ending in a, retain the a add ae : vertebra - vertebrae 2. Words ending in is, drop the is and add es: Diagnosis - diagnoses 3. Words ending in ex or ix, drop the ex or ix and add ices: apex - apices 4. Words ending in on, drop the on and add a: ganglion - ganglia 5. Words ending in um, drop the um and add a: bacterium - bacteria 6. Words ending in us, drip the us and add i: bronchus - bronchi 9

Carcinoma • cancer, cancerous – Carcinoma – carcinogen • Carcin / oma – Carcin = cancer – -oma = tumor or mass • Tumor or mass of cancer 10

cephal/o • Head – Cephalic • Cephal / ic – Cephal = head – -ic = pertaining to • Pertaining to the head 11

cyst/o • urinary/bladder – Cystoscopy 12

Cystoscopy • Cysto / scopy – Cyst/o= bladder – -scopy = visual examination • Visual examination of the bladder 13

Cystoscope • Cysto / scope – Cyst/o= bladder – -scope = instrument to view • Instrument to view the bladder 14

electr/o • Electricity – Electric – Electrocardiogram 15

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)☤ • Electr/o/cardi/o/gram – Electr/o = electicity – Cardi/o = heart – -gram = record • Record of the electricity of the heart 16

encephal/o • Brain – electroencephalogram (EEG) – encephalitis 17

electroencephalogram (EEG) • Electr/o/encephal/o/gram – Electr/o = electrcity – Encephal/o = brain – -gram = record • Record of the electricity of the brain 18

Encephalitis • Encephal / itis – Encephal = brain – -itis = inflammation • Inflammation of the brain 19

gynec/o R★ • women, female – gynecology – Gynecologist 20

Gynecology • Gynec / o / logy – Gynec/o = women – -logy = study of • Study of women 21

Gynecologist • Gynec / o / logist – Gynec/o = women – -logist = specialist in • Specialist (in the study) of women 22

lapar/o • abdomen (area between the chest and hip) – Laparoscopy – Laparoscope 23

Laparoscope • Lapar / o / scopy – Lapr/o = abdomen – -scope = instrument used to visualize • Instrument used to visualize the abdomen 24

nephr/o • Kidney – Nephrectomy – Nephritis – Nephrologist 25

Nephrectomy • Nephr / ectomy – Nephr = kidney – -ectomy = removal of • Removal (cutting out) of the kidney 26

Nephritis • Nephr / itis – Nephr = kidney – itis = inflammation • Inflammation of the kidney 27

Nephrologist • Nephr / o / logist – Nephr/o = kidney – -logist = specialist in • Specialist in the kidney 28

neur/o • Nerve – – – Neurology Neurologist Neuralgia Neurosis 29

Neurology • Neur / o / logy – Neur/o = nerves – -logy = study of • Study of nerves 30

Neurologist • Neur / o / logist – Neur/o = nerves – -logist = specialist in • Specialist in nerves 31

Neural • Neur / al – Neur = nerves – -al = pertaining to • Pertaining to the nerves 32

Neuralgia • Neur / algia – Neur = nerves – -algia = pain • Pain of the nerves (nerve pain) 33

Neurosis • Neur / osis – Neur = nerves – -osis = abnormal condition • Abnormal condition of the nerves 34

ophthalm/o • Eye – Ophthalmologist – Ophthalmology – ophthalmoscope 35

Ophthalmologist • Ophthalm/o/logist – Ophthalm/o = eyes – -logist = specialist in • Specialist in eyes 36

Ophthalmology • Ophthalm / o / logy – Ophthalm/o = eyes – -logy = study of • The study of eyes 37

Ophthalmoscope • Ophthalmoscope – Ophthalm/o = eyes – -scope = instrument to view • Instrument to view the eyes 38

oste/o • Bone – Osteoarthritis – osteoporosis 39

Osteoarthritis ☤ • Oste / o / arthr / itis – Oste/o = bone – Arthr = joint – -itis = inflammation • Inflammation of the bone and joints 40

path/o R★ • Disease – Pathologist – Pathology – Psychopathic 41

Pathologist • Path / o / logist – Path/o = disease – -logist = specialist in 42

Pathology • Path / o / logy – Path/o = disease – -logy = Study of • Study of disease 43

psych/o • Mind – Psychology – Psychologist – Psychosis 44

Psychology • Psych / o / logy – Psych/o = mind – -logy = study of • Study of the mind 45

Psychologist • Psych / o / logist – Psych/o = mind – -logist = specialist in • Specialist in the mind 46

Psychosis • Psych / osis – Psych = mind – -osis = abnormal condition • Abnormal condition of the mind 47

Psychopathic • Psych/o/path/ic – Psycho/o = mind – Path = disease – -ic =condition of • Condition of mind disease 48

ren/o R★ • Kidney – Renal 49

Rhin/o • Nose – Rhinitis • Rhin / itis – Rhin = nose – -itis = inflammation of • Inflammation of the nose 50

-ectomy • cutting out, removal, excision – Gastrectomy – Tonsillectomy – Appendectomy 51

Anemia • Anemia – An- = no – -emia = blood • No blood 52

-osis • abnormal condition – Nephrosis – Psychosis • Nephr / osis – Nepho = kidney – -osis = abnormal condition • Abnormal condition of the kidney 53

endo • inside, inner (within) • endocrine glands, endocardium 54

exo • Outside • Ex: exocrine glands, exoskeleton, exorcist 55

sub • below, under – Subhepatic – Subconscious – substandard • Sub / hepat / ic – Sub- = below – Hepat = liver – -ic = pertaining to • Pertaining to below the liver 56

Any questions? 57