MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE MEDICAL

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Ø σύνθεσις (Gr) a complex whole formed by combining. synthesis (English) Syntézu (Slovakian) sintesi (Italian) sintēze (Latvian) synthese (German) synthese (Dutch) synteza (Polish) sinteză (Romanian) síntesis (Spanish) sinteza (Serbian) synthèse (French) syntéza (Slovak) sentez (Turkish) syntes (Swedish)

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Ø coagulum (L) a substance that produces or aids to change from a fluid into a thickened mass coagulant (English) Koagulum (Slovakian) coagulante (Italian) coagulante (Spanish) coagulant (French) coagulant (Romanian) koagulant (Swedish) koagulant (Serbian)

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Greek/Latin English Portuguese Norwegian Afrikaans German ηπατίτις hepatitis hepatite hepatitt hepatitis Hepatitis βραχίων brachium Brachium pulsus pulse pulso puls pols Pulse εγκεφαλοπάθεια encephalo-pathy encefalo-patia encefalopati enkefalo-patie Enzephalo- pathie fetus feto foster fetus Fötus ασφυξία asphixia asfixia asphixia Asphixie

NEW MEDICAL LANGUAGE • Medical scientists develop new concepts that need to be named every day What should I name my new discovery?

COINING NEW MEDICAL TERMS Ø New medical terms are mostly coined from Greek: cloning genome erythrocyte nephrectomy (κλωνοποίηση) 1970 (γονιδίωμα) 1920 (ερυθροκύτταρο) 1890 -1895 (νεφρεκτομή) 1875 -1880 ophthalmoscopy (οφθαλμοσκόπηση) 1720 -1730

COINING NEW MEDICAL TERMS In the recent field of genetics terms like • mutagen-1946 • codon-1962 • recombinant DNA-1970 -1975 have been coined.

COINING NEW MEDICAL TERMS Often an acronym is used to describe a new discovery. Ø SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2003 Ø AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 1982 Ø MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1969

COINING NEW MEDICAL TERMS Another way used to describe something new is by using an eponym Ø Mantoux test 1930 -35 Ø Alzheimer’s disease 1907

WORD PARTS Most medical words are made up of multiple parts. They might make more sense if you break the word into different parts

IS THERE A SYSTEMATIC WAY TO LEARN MEDICAL WORDS? Yes! Break it up!

Breaking up isn’t hard to do Long medical words can have a: �Beginning (prefix) If there’s a prefix it can be about size, shape, color, direction, amount… �Middle (root) The middle is often part of the body �Ending (suffix) Suffixes can be about a test, describe a problem or procedure…

COMMON PREFIXES – size macro- large megalo- large/enlarge macromolecule micro- small microscope

COMMON PREFIXES - rates hyper- high/elevated/above tachy- fast/rapid hypo- low/reduced/below brady- slow/reduced

COMMON PREFIXES - directions ab- away from interbetween ad- towards transthrough

COMMON PREFIXES -colour xanth-, jaun- yellow leuk erythro-, white rub- red cyano melano polio- blue black grey

COMMON ROOTS Ø Often there are more than one root for the same body part Greek Latin -hyster- hysterectomy -uter- uterine/uterus -nephr- nephrotomy -ren- renal kidney

COMMON ROOTS Greek Latin -cardi- -coron- καρδια coronarius heart -pneumon- -pulmon- lung πνεύμων pulmonarius -myo-, -sarco- -muscul- muscle μυς musculus

COMMON ROOTS Greek -gastr- stomach γαστήρ -col- colon, large intestine κόλον -oesophagοισοφάγος oesophagus

COMMON ROOTS Greek Latin -oste- -osse- bone -derm- -cutane- skin

COMMON SUFFIXES Specialists and specialties -ologist, -iatrist a person who studies or has knowledge of a particular kind of science cardiologist psychiatrist -ology, -iatry cardiology the study of a particular science psychiatry

COMMON SUFFIXES Tests… -gram picture/image cardiogram -graph(y) -scop(y) process of making an image electroencephalography (EEG) using an instrument for viewing endoscopy

COMMON SUFFIXES …and procedures -ectomy removal of hysterectomy -tomy making a cut in gastrotomy -stomy create an opening colostomy -plasty surgical repair rhinoplasty

COMMON SUFFIXES Medical Conditions -algia pain myalgia -penia abnormal reduction leukopenia -rrhea discharge rhinorrhea -itis inflammation of appendicitis

COMMON SUFFIXES oma tumor carcinoma -osis diseased condition sclerosis -pathy disease osteopathy

COMMON SUFFIXES Suffixes which create nouns -ism (structure) organism (Greek) -ium (tissue) epicardium (chemical suffix) radium (Latin) -ia (condition of) pneumonia (Greek

COMMON SUFFIXES Creation of adjectives (pertaining to) -ic gastric ulcer -ac iliac vessels -al renal dialysis -ous cutaneous layer -eal transoesophageal

DEFINING MEDICAL TERMS THREE BASIC STEPS 1. Define the suffix 2. Define the prefix (if there is one) 3. Define the root(s) hypervitaminosis: hyper / vitamin / osis (excess) (vitamin) (diseased condition) A diseased condition (caused by) an excess of vitamins

BREAKING UP LONG WORDS Transesophageal has a: �Prefix = trans through �Root = oesophagus �Suffix = eal pertaining to

DEFINING MEDICAL TERMS Hyperglycemia hyper/ glyc / emia blood (with) excessive sugar Spleenomegaly spleeno/ megaly enlargement of the spleen

BUILDING VOCABULARY Cardio + itis = carditis = inflammation of the heart Cardio + logy= cardiology = study of the heart Cardio + myo + pathy= cardiomyopathy = disease of the heart muscle Echo + cardio + graphy= echocardiography = heart test using ultra sound waves