Medical Terminology Introduction to Word Parts Learning Objectives
Medical Terminology Introduction to Word Parts
Learning Objectives • Identify and define the four word parts • Identify and define a combining form • Analyze and define medical terms • Build medical terms for given definitions
• Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms • You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts
The Language of Medicine • Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language
The Language of Medicine (cont. )
The Language of Medicine (cont. )
Word Parts • Word Root: Fundamental meaning of a medical term • Examples • arthr: joint hepat: liver ven: vein oste: bone • Combining Vowel: Used to ease pronunciation - usually an “o” (e, i, or u)
Word Parts (cont. ) • Prefix: Attached to beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning • Examples • intra- : within sub- : below • Suffix: Attached to end of a medical term to modify its meaning • Examples • -itis : inflammation -ic : pertaining to
Word Parts (cont. ) • Word Root • play • Prefix • re- = replay • Suffix • -ing = playing • -er = player • Word Root • extend • Prefix • hyper- = hyperextend • Suffix • -ing = extending
Combining Forms • Word Root and/or Combining Vowel • Examples • arthr hepat/o ven/o oste WR /CV/ WR / S oste /o / arthr / itis
Some Basic Rules • All medical terms have at least one word root • Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or combining vowel
Some Basic Rules (cont. ) • Combining vowels are used to connect word roots or a word root and suffix • When a suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is not used • Example: arthr / itis hepat / ic
Some Basic Rules (cont. ) • When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction Example: oste /o / arthr / itis
Some Basic Rules (cont. ) • Usually medical terms are defined by starting at the end of the term and going back to the beginning Example: oste /o / arthr / itis inflammation of the bone and joints
Some Basic Rules (cont. ) • A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term • Example: melan / oma melan = black -oma = tumor melanoma = black tumor
Create a Medical Term Word Roots: (Comb. Forms) arthr/o: joint hepat/o: liver ven/o: vein oste/o: bone Combining Vowel: o Prefixes: intra-: within sub-: under Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ic: pertaining to -ous: pertaining -pathy: disease
Analyze the Words • • arthritis intravenous osteoarthritis osteitis • • • arthr/o : joint oste/o : bone ven/o : vein intra- : within -itis : inflammation -ous : pertaining to
Analyze the Words (cont. ) • • arthr / itis intra / ven / ous oste / o / arthr / itis oste / itis • • • arthr/o : joint oste/o : bone ven/o : vein intra- : within -itis : inflammation -ous : pertaining to
Analyze the Words (cont. ) • • subhepatic osteopathy arthropathy hepatitis • • arthr/o : joint hepat/o : liver oste/o : bone sub- : below -ic : pertaining to -itis : inflammation -pathy : disease
Analyze the Words (cont. ) • • sub / hepat / ic oste / o / pathy arthr / o / pathy hepat / itis • • arthr/o : joint hepat/o : liver oste/o : bone sub- : below -ic : pertaining to -itis : inflammation -pathy : disease
Building Medical Terms • inflammation of joints • inflammation of the bone and joint • pertaining to under the liver • • arthr/o : joint hepat/o : liver oste/o : bone sub- : below -ic : pertaining to -itis : inflammation -pathy : disease
Building Medical Terms (cont. ) • disease of the bone • disease of the joint • inflammation of the liver • pertaining to within a vein • • arthr/o : joint hepat/o : liver oste/o : bone ven/o : vein intra- : within -ous : pertaining to -itis : inflammation -pathy : disease
normal knee joint showing (bone) / cv / (joint) / (inflammation)
Additional Word Parts -duction -iatric -ium -e movement medical profession, MD pertaining to; structure no meaning albin/o white chromat/o color home/o same physi/o function
Additional Word Parts (cont. ) → ← Δ > < ↑ ↓ to the right to the left A assessment dc, DC, discharge, or D/C discontinue change greater than less than increase decrease ER ETA hs IP lb or # emergency room Estimated time of arrival hours of sleep inpatient pound
Additional Word Parts (cont. ) N/A PE SOAP deep not applicable physical exam subjective, objective, assessment, plan further from the surface UNK unknown NKA no known allergies no known drug allergy NKDA superficial closer to the surface
albinism hypopigmentation physiology squamous
etiology retro-
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