Medical Terminology A Living Language Medical Terminology A

Medical Terminology at a Glance • • • Studying medical terminology is like learning

Understanding Medical Terms • • It is impossible to memorize all of the thousands

Figure 1. 1 – Nurse completing a patient report. Healthcare workers use medical terminology

Basic Word Parts • • Word root is the fundamental meaning of the term

Medical Term Elements Video Click here to view a movie introducing the parts of

Medical Terms Are Built from Word Parts Word Part Example (Meaning) • • Word

Word Root • • Foundation of the term General meaning of word Often gives

Word Root • • Medical terms may have more than one root • gastroenteritis

Combining Vowels • • • Make it possible to pronounce long terms Usually an

Combining Vowel Rules • • • Between word root and suffix If the suffix

Combining Vowel Rules • • Combining vowel is typically kept between two word roots

Combining Form • • • Typically used to write word roots Also use the

Common Combining Forms • • • aden/o – gland carcin/o – cancer cardi/o –

Common Combining Forms • • • immun/o – immune laryng/o – voice box morph/o

Prefix • • Added to the front of a term May add meaning such

Prefix • • Not all medical terms have a prefix When written by itself,

Common Prefixes • • a– ante– anti– auto– brady– dys– without, away from without

Common Prefixes • • endo– epi– eu– hetero– homo– hyper– hypo– within, inner upon,

Common Prefixes • • infra– inter– intra– macro– micro– neo– pan– under, beneath, below

Common Prefixes • • para– peri– post– pre– pseudo– retro– beside, beyond, near through

Common Prefixes • • • sub– super– supra– tachy– trans– ultra– below, under above,

Number Prefixes • • • bi– hemi– mono– multi– nulli– two half one many

Suffix • • Attached to the end of a term Adds meaning such as:

Suffix • • All medical terms must have a suffix • Only mandatory word

Common Suffixes • • –algia –cele –cise –cyte –dynia –ectasis –genesis pain hernia, protrusion

Common Suffixes • • –genic –iasis –ism –itis –logist –logy –lysis producing state, condition

Common Suffixes • • –malacia –megaly –oma –osis –pathy –plasia –plasm –ptosis abnormal softening

Common Suffixes • • –rrhage –rrhea –rrhexis –sclerosis –stenosis –therapy –trophy excessive, abnormal flow

Adjective Suffixes • • • Suffix may be used to convert a word root

Adjective Suffix Example • To state that a patient has an ulcer in his

Adjective Suffixes • • • –ac –al –an –ary • • • –eal –iac

Surgical Suffixes • • –centesis –ectomy –ostomy –otomy –pexy –plasty –rrhaphy puncture to withdraw

Procedural Suffixes • • –gram –graphy –meter –metry –scope –scopy record or picture instrument

Word Building • • • Putting together several parts to form a variety of

Interpreting Medical Terms • Term to be translated • gastroenterology • Divide the term

Interpreting Medical Terms • • Define each word part • gastr = stomach •

Pronunciation • • Will differ according to place of birth and education When in

Spelling • • Only one correct way to spell a term Changing one letter

Same Sounds Spelled Differently • • psy cy dys dis psychiatry cytology dyspepsia dislocation

Singular and Plural Endings • • • Many medical terms come from Greek or

General Rules for Plurals Word Ends In Singular • • • • • –a

Figure 1. 2 – Health information management workers maintain accurate, orderly, and permanent patient

Confidentiality • • Any information or record relating to a patient is privileged Moral

HIPAA Video Click here to view a video describing HIPAA. Medical Terminology: A Living

Slides: 45

Download presentation

Medical Terminology A Living Language Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Medical Terminology at a Glance • • • Studying medical terminology is like learning a new language Basic rules for building terms will help you both build and translate many different words You must be able to put words together or build words from their parts • Like piecing together a puzzle Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Understanding Medical Terms • • It is impossible to memorize all of the thousands of medical terms You can distinguish the meaning of many different words by analyzing the word parts • Word roots • Combining forms • Prefixes • Suffixes Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 1. 1 – Nurse completing a patient report. Healthcare workers use medical terminology in order to accurately and efficiently communicate patient information to each other. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Basic Word Parts • • Word root is the fundamental meaning of the term Prefixes and suffixes modify the word root Combining vowels connect other word parts Always exceptions to rules Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Medical Term Elements Video Click here to view a movie introducing the parts of a medical term. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Back to Directory Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Medical Terms Are Built from Word Parts Word Part Example (Meaning) • • Word root Prefix Suffix Combining form cardiogram (record of the heart) pericardium (around the heart) carditis (inflammation of heart) cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Word Root • • Foundation of the term General meaning of word Often gives body system or part • cardi = heart Or may be an action • cis = to cut Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Word Root • • Medical terms may have more than one root • gastroenteritis Many medical terms built without a word root • hyper– = prefix meaning excessive • –trophy = suffix meaning development • hypertrophy = excessive development Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Combining Vowels • • • Make it possible to pronounce long terms Usually an “o” Combine two word parts: • Between two word roots • Between word root and suffix Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Combining Vowel Rules • • • Between word root and suffix If the suffix begins with a vowel • Do not use a combining vowel • Arthritis, not arthroitis If the suffix begins with a consonant • Use a combining vowel • Arthroscope, not arthrscope Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Combining Vowel Rules • • Combining vowel is typically kept between two word roots Even if the second word root begins with a vowel • gastroenteritis, not gastrenteritis Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Combining Form • • • Typically used to write word roots Also use the word root/combining vowel format Examples: • cardi/o • arthr/o • gastr/o Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Combining Forms • • • aden/o – gland carcin/o – cancer cardi/o – heart chem/o – chemical cis/o – to cut dermat/o – skin Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht • • • enter/o – small intestine gastr/o – stomach gynec/o – female hemat/o – blood hydr/o – water Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Combining Forms • • • immun/o – immune laryng/o – voice box morph/o – shape nephr/o – kidney neur/o – nerve ophthalm/o – eye Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht • • • ot/o – ear path/o – disease pulmon/o – lung rhin/o – nose ur/o – urine, urinary system Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Prefix • • Added to the front of a term May add meaning such as: • location of organ sub– = below • number of parts mono– = one • time (frequency) post– = after Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Prefix • • Not all medical terms have a prefix When written by itself, followed by a hyphen • intra– • hyper– • multi– Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Prefixes • • a– ante– anti– auto– brady– dys– without, away from without before, in front of against self slow painful, difficult Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Prefixes • • endo– epi– eu– hetero– homo– hyper– hypo– within, inner upon, over normal, good different same over, above under, below Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Prefixes • • infra– inter– intra– macro– micro– neo– pan– under, beneath, below among, between within, inside large small new all Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Prefixes • • para– peri– post– pre– pseudo– retro– beside, beyond, near through around after before, in front of false backward, behind Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Prefixes • • • sub– super– supra– tachy– trans– ultra– below, under above, excess above fast through, across beyond, excess Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Number Prefixes • • • bi– hemi– mono– multi– nulli– two half one many none Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht • • • poly– quad– semi– tri– uni– many four partial, half three one Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Suffix • • Attached to the end of a term Adds meaning such as: • condition –algia = pain • disease –itis = inflammation • procedure –ectomy = surgical removal Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Suffix • • All medical terms must have a suffix • Only mandatory word part When written by itself, precede with a hyphen • –logy • –sclerosis • –cyte Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Suffixes • • –algia –cele –cise –cyte –dynia –ectasis –genesis pain hernia, protrusion cut cell pain dilatation that which produces, generates Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Suffixes • • –genic –iasis –ism –itis –logist –logy –lysis producing state, condition abnormal condition state of inflammation one who studies study of destruction Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Suffixes • • –malacia –megaly –oma –osis –pathy –plasia –plasm –ptosis abnormal softening enlargement, large tumor, mass abnormal condition disease development, growth formation, development drooping Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Common Suffixes • • –rrhage –rrhea –rrhexis –sclerosis –stenosis –therapy –trophy excessive, abnormal flow discharge, flow rupture hardening narrowing treatment nourishment, development Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Adjective Suffixes • • • Suffix may be used to convert a word root into a complete word Translation of these suffixes is pertaining to New word can then be used to modify another word Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Adjective Suffix Example • To state that a patient has an ulcer in his stomach: • gastr/o = stomach • -ic = pertaining to • gastric = pertaining to the stomach • gastric ulcer = ulcer found in the stomach Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Adjective Suffixes • • • –ac –al –an –ary • • • –eal –iac –ical –ile Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht • • • –ior –ory –ose –ous –tic Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Surgical Suffixes • • –centesis –ectomy –ostomy –otomy –pexy –plasty –rrhaphy puncture to withdraw fluid surgical removal surgically create an opening cutting into surgical fixation surgical repair suture Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Procedural Suffixes • • –gram –graphy –meter –metry –scope –scopy record or picture instrument for recording process of recording instrument for measuring process of measuring instrument for viewing process of visually examining Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Word Building • • • Putting together several parts to form a variety of terms to convey the necessary information Begins with knowing the meaning of the various word parts in order to select the correct ones Always remember the rules regarding the location of each word part Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Interpreting Medical Terms • Term to be translated • gastroenterology • Divide the term into its word parts • gastr / o / enter / o / logy Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Interpreting Medical Terms • • Define each word part • gastr = stomach • o = combining vowel, no meaning • enter = small intestine • o = combining vowel, no meaning • –logy = study of Combine the meanings of the word parts • study of the stomach and small intestine Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Pronunciation • • Will differ according to place of birth and education When in doubt, ask for spelling New terms in the book are introduced in boldface type, with phonetic spelling in parentheses Stressed syllable will be in capital letters: • pericarditis (per ih car DYE tis) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Spelling • • Only one correct way to spell a term Changing one letter can change the meaning of a word • abduction (moving away) vs. adduction (moving • towards) ileum (small intestine) vs. ilium (hip bone) Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Same Sounds Spelled Differently • • psy cy dys dis psychiatry cytology dyspepsia dislocation Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Singular and Plural Endings • • • Many medical terms come from Greek or Latin words Rules forming plurals for these languages are different from English • Plural of atrium is atria, not atriums Other words will use English rules • Plural of ventricle is ventricles Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

General Rules for Plurals Word Ends In Singular • • • • • –a –ax –ex or –ix –is –ma –nx –on –us –um –y vertebra thorax appendix metastasis sarcoma phalanx ganglion nucleus ovum biopsy Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Plural • • • vertebrae thoraces appendices metastases sarcomata phalanges ganglia nuclei ova biopsies Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Figure 1. 2 – Health information management workers maintain accurate, orderly, and permanent patient records. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Confidentiality • • Any information or record relating to a patient is privileged Moral and legal responsibility to keep all information private Proper authorization must be signed by patient before any information can be released Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) sets federal standards to protect records Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

HIPAA Video Click here to view a video describing HIPAA. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Back to Directory Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.