MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CAREERS AS A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST WITH

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CAREERS AS A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST WITH MISS CHARLES

DIVISIONS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY • Hematology • Clinical Chemistry • Immunology • Microbiology • Cytology - Pathology

LEVELS OF CAREER ORGANIZATION • Phlebotomist • Lab Assistant Entry level Certification from H. S. State Test • Medical Technician Two year college program • Medical Technologist Four year college program - State Test • Pathologist Medical Physician - State Test

WHAT IS HEMATOLOGY? • Hematology is the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia • What is the total amount of red blood cells in your body? a. Are you anemic? Not enough red blood cells or. .

WHAT IS HEMATOPOIESIS OR HEMATOGENESIS? • The formation of the blood

ERYTHROCYTE • a red blood cell that (in humans) is typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus. Erythrocytes contain the pigment hemoglobin, which imparts the red color to blood, and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues.

LEUKOCYTE • a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell. There are several types, all amoeboid cells with a nucleus, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.

TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE, IT’S A PROBLEM Are you Polycythemic? Too many red blood cells. b. How many white blood cells are in your body? If too low, do you have enough white blood cells fight infections and viruses? If high, do you have cancer. Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection. Neutropenia • Leukocytosis is white cells (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors.

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 9/08/2016 • Objective: I can describe where and how red blood cells are made. • Objective: I can interpret the significance of erythroblast cell location. • Do Now: Copy down today’s learning objectives and answer the following question. • What are the clinical terms for Red Blood Cell and White Blood Cell?

HEMATOLOGY IS ABOUT CELLS • Cells in the blood • Counting the number of cells • Identifying the type of cells observed • Cells in body fluid: • Urine • Spinal fluid Coagulation – clotting factors of blood

WHAT DO YOU THINK THE WORD “ERYTHROPOIESIS” MEANS? • Text CHARLESBIOLOGY to 37607 to join. Then text in your answer. • OR go to • Poll. Ev. com/charlesbiology

THINKING BACK TO YESTERDAY, WHERE DOES ERYTHROPOIESIS OCCUR IN THE BODY? • Text CHARLESBIOLOGY to 37607 to join. Then text in your answer. • OR go to • Poll. Ev. com/charlesbiology

MORPHOLOGY • the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.

BONE MARROW Did you eat oxtails? Well, that’s bone marrow • Red Blood cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100– 120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 20 seconds. Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. [3][4] Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality

WATCH THE VIDEO ABOUT ERYTHROPOIESIS AND LOOK FOR THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS. • What are stems cells in the red bone marrow called? • How long does it take for an RBC to form from a hemocytoblast? • How many RBCs are made by the body every second? • What percentage of the blood is made up of RBCs?

ANSWERS TO ERYTHROPOIESIS QUESTIONS 1. Hemocytoblasts 2. 2 Days 3. 45%

WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? • Stem cells are pluripotent. This means that they have the ability to develop into many kinds of cells, depending on what they are influenced by early in development.

WHAT ARE ERYTHROBLASTS? • An erythroblast is an RBC in its very early stage of development. At this point, the cell still has a nucleus and is transitioning from the stem cell it once was into an RBC. • Erythroblasts that are close to other stem cells influence them to develop into other RBCs. • Erythroblasts should only be found in the bone marrow, where hematogenesis occurs. If an erythroblast is found in the regular blood stream, that is an indicator of cancer! • Red Blood Cells typically live for about 120 days inside of your body, before they die.

NUTRITION AND RED BLOOD CELLS • Foods rich in iron help you maintain healthy red blood cells. • Vitamins are also necessary to build healthy red blood cells. These include vitamin E, found in foods such as dark green vegetables, nuts and seeds, mango, and avocados; vitamins B 2, B 12, and B 3, found in foods such as eggs, whole grains, and bananas; and folate, available in fortified cereals, dried beans and lentils, orange juice, and green leafy vegetables.

ILLNESSES OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS • Most people don't think about their red blood cells unless they have a disease that affects these cells. Problems with red blood cells can be caused by illnesses or a lack of iron or vitamins in your diet. Some diseases of the red blood cells are inherited. • Diseases of the red blood cells include many types of anemia, a condition in which there are too few red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen throughout the body. People with anemia may have red blood cells that have an unusual shape or that look normal, larger than normal, or smaller than normal.

WHAT DOES ANEMIA FEEL LIKE? • Symptoms of anemia include tiredness, irregular heartbeats, pale skin, feeling cold, and, in severe cases, heart failure. Children who don't have enough healthy red blood cells grow and develop more slowly than other children. These symptoms demonstrate how important red blood cells are to your daily life.

SHOULD YOU EXPECT TO SEE ERYTHROBLAST CELLS IN THE BLOOD STREAM OF A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL? • Text CHARLESBIOLOGY to 37607 to join. Then text in your answer. • OR go to • Poll. Ev. com/charlesbiology

COMMON TYPES OF ANEMIA • Iron-deficiency anemia. If you don't have enough iron in your body, your body won't be able to make enough red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. Among the causes of iron deficiency are a diet low in iron, a sudden loss of blood, a chronic loss of blood (such as from heavy menstrual periods), or the inability to absorb enough iron from food. • Sickle cell anemia. In this inherited disease, the red blood cells are shaped like half moons rather than the normal indented circles. This change in shape can make the cells "sticky" and unable to flow smoothly through blood vessels. This causes a blockage in blood flow. This blockage may cause acute or chronic pain and can also lead to infection or organ damage. Sickle cells die much more quickly than normal blood cells—in about 10 to 20 days instead of 120 days—causing a shortage of red blood cells.

COMMON TYPES OF ANEMIA • Normocytic anemia. This type of anemia happens when your red blood cells are normal in shape and size, but you don't have enough of them to meet your body's needs. Diseases that cause this type of anemia are usually long-term conditions, like kidney disease, cancer, or rheumatoid arthritis. • Hemolytic anemia. This type of anemia happens when red blood cells are destroyed by an abnormal process in your body before their lifespan is over. As a result, your body doesn't have enough red blood cells to function, and your bone marrow cannot make enough to keep up with demand. • Fanconi anemia. This is a rare inherited disorder in which your bone marrow isn't able to make enough of any of the components of blood, including red blood cells. Children born with this disorder often have serious birth defects because of the problems with their blood and may develop leukemia

PHLEBOTOMY • Before you can start a blood test, you must first get the blood. • Phlebotomy is the practice of drawing blood from patients and taking the blood specimens to the laboratory to prepare for testing. As a phlebotomy technician you are an important member of the clinical laboratory team. (pmi. edu)

HOW TO DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF CELLS

COULTER COUNTER – COUNTING RED & WHITE CELLS • .

HOW DO WE DIAGNOSIS ANEMIAS?

RBC COUNT • Medline Plus Article – • https: //medlineplus. gov/ency/article/0 03644. htm