Medical School Histology Basics Cartilage and Bone VIBS

Medical School Histology Basics Cartilage and Bone VIBS 243 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M

Cartilage and Bone Slide 121: Bone, rabbit femur - Chondroblasts/chondrocytes – Compact bone – Spongy bone – Concentric lamellae, – Haversion system = osteon – Haversion canal, – Volkmann’s canal – Osteoid – Osteoblast/osteocytes – Lacunae – Canaliculi Cross section Spongy bone Compact bone Muscle cartilage

Functions of Cartilage and Bone Ref code # 6, 12 Cartilage Evolutionary - embryonic model for bones Slides across each other easily while bearing weight (joints, articular surfaces of bones) Cushion - cartilage has limited compressibility (joints) Bone Skeletal support land animals Protective enclosure (vital organs) Skull to protect brain and long bone to protect hematopoietic cells Hematopoiesis

CELLS OF CT FIBROBLASTS MESENCHYMAL CELLS and RBC ADIPOSE CELLS MACROPHAGE PLASMA CELLS MAST CELLS and WBC CHONDROBLASTS CHONDROCYTES OSTEOBLASTS OSTEOCYTES OSTEOCLASTS Ref code # 12

TYPES OF CARTILAGE CHONDROCYTES HYALINE CARTILAGE Chondrocytes Lacunae = “space” FIBROCARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Slide 194 Fetal elbow Transformation zone of cartilage to bone HYALINE CARTILAGE Perichondrium

Slide 194: Fetal elbow – Hyaline cartilage, synovial membrane – Dense irregular connective tissue of the perichondrium – Bone matrix = Osteoid – Demo slide box 159

Slide 133: Trachea, monkey – Hyaline cartilage Perichondrium Chondrocytes Air way

Slide 19762: Outer ear – Elastic cartilage Epithelium Elastic fibers Perichondrium Epithelium

DEMO SLIDE BOX 223 (F-H-48 -1) –Pinna of ear, cat Elastic cartilage Elastic fibers Chondrocyte Chondroblast Dense irregular tissue of the perichondrium

FIBROCARTILAGE Ref code #6 Tendon/ ligament Fibroblast in Tendon/ligament INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND HYALINE CARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE NO PERICHONDRIUM Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage Bone

194 Fibrocartilage of Fetal elbow Type 1 collagen bundles in fibrocartilage Skeletal muscle Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage

DEMO SLIDE BOX 236 (53 a) – Femur, cat. Bone Fibrocartilage is found connecting other structures. Here, the fibrocartilage is joining tendon to bone. Ref code #6 Chondrocytes in fibrocartilage Fibroblasts in tendon

Dense irregular connective tissue capsule, the perichondrium. An exception is the articular surface of cartilage in joints where the capsule is removed by the contact of hyaline cartilage at the surface of touching bones, Perichondrium Articular surface has no perichondrium. Slide 194 Fetal elbow Joint is encapsulated by the synovial membrane

421 Tibia, fetal Fibroblasts of the perichondrium In the fetal tibia, the perichondrium is a very prominent layer in actively growing fetal cartilage (note high density of cells developing) Cartilage

421 Tibia, fetal Sulfated glycosaminoglycans as extracellular substrate Cartilage Fibroblasts Chondrocytes Perichondrium

M 11: Perichondrium Fibroblast Perichondrium Appositional growth Chondrocyte

Chondrocytes Interstitial growth = mitotic division of chondrocytes within the cartilage Demo slide box 159 Growth plate RER EM 13: Interstitial growth of chondrocytes

Ref code #5

Ref code #5

Slide 194: Fetal elbow Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage Dense regular connective tissue Bone matrix Lacunae

Slide 220: Fetal finger Cancellous (spongy) bone Growth plate Demo slide box 159 Compact bone

Slide 220 : Fetal finger Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts Cancellous (spongy) bone Compact bone

Slide 220 Cartilage Osteocytes Osteoclasts Compact bone

Slide 220 : Fetal finger Osteoblasts are cells that can be seen along the surface of the trabeculae Compact bone Trabeculae Osteocytes

EM 12: Osteoblasts Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex Secretory vesicles Hydroxyapatite crystals

EM 12: Osteoblast Prominent rough ER, Large Golgi complex Secretory vesicles

32583 Rat bone toluidine blue stain of thin (. 5 um) section Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Bone diagram Outer circumferential lamella Compact bone Inner circumferential lamella – Concentric lamellae – Haversion canal Spongy bone – Volkmann’s canal – Haversion system Haversion canal

Bone diagram Haversion canal, – Osteocyte – Lacunae, – Canaliculi, One forth of a Haversion system, Ref code # 12 Compact bone Concentric

30130 compact bone Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Canaliculi

Haversian system = osteon Bone matrix = osteoid Osteons (“Haversian systems”) Osteonal (“Haversian” or “central”) canals Concentric lamellae Canaliculi lacunae Vet school Demo Slide #220

Outer circumferential lamella Slide 121: Bone, rabbit femur Ref code #6 Inner circumferential lamella – Concentric lamellae, – Osteocytes – Lacunae, – Haversion canal – Haversion system, Compact bone compact bone

Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur – Concentric lamellae – Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Haversion system Compact bone

Slide 121 : Bone, rabbit femur endosteum – Compact bone – Concentric lamellae – Haversion system – Haversion canal – Osteocytes – Lacunae – Canaliculi

Slide 425: Bone (unstained) – Compact bone, Haversion system, Haversion canal, Volkmann’s canal

Slide 425 : Bone (unstained) Compact bone – Haversion system – Haversion canal – Osteocytes Volkmann’s canal

195 Osteoblasts, osteoid, lacunae, osteocytes, osteoclasts

HYALINE CARTILAGE Ref code # 6, 7 EPIPHYSEAL PLATE, RESPONSIBLE FOR LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF LONG BONES Demo slide box 159

421 Endochondral Ossification Proliferation and alignment of epiphyseal cartilage cells is followed by hypertrophy and calcification Secondary spongiosa have osteoid cores Slide 121 Primary spongiosa have cartilage cores

Slide 220 Fetal Finger Demo slide box 159

In summary Ref code # 6, 12 Demo slide box 159

Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology You. Tube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources! 1. Alberts, et al. , 1989. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 2 nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0 -8240 -3695 -6. 2. Alberts, et al. , 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3 nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0 -8153 -1619 -4. 3. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D. W. , 1968. A Textbook of Histology. 9 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress #67 -17445. 4. Elias, H. et al. , 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. A Wiley Medical Publication. John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0 -47104929 -8. 5. Eroschenko, V. 2000. Di Fiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 9 th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia. ISBN 07817 -2676 -X. 6. Fawcett, D. W. , 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 11 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -72161729 -8. 7. Fawcett, D. W. , 1994. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 12 th Edition. Chapman and Hall. New York. ISBN 0 -412 -04691 -1. 8. Guyton, A. C. 1971. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 4 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress # 74118589. 9. Ham, A. W. 1974. Histology. 7 th Edition. J. B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -397 -52062 -X. 10. Ham, A. W. and Cormack, D. H. 1979. Histology. 8 th Edition. J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -397 -52089 -1. 11. Junqueria, et al. , 1995. Basic Histology. 8 th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Norwalk, Connecticut. ISBN 08385 -0567 -8. 12. Junqueira, et al. , 1998. Basic Histology. 9 th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Stamford, Connecticut. ISBN 0 -8385 -0590 -2. 13. Knobil, E. et al. 1988. The Physiology of Reproduction. Volume 1. Raven Press. New York. ISBN 0 -88167 -281 -5. 14. Langley, et al. , 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. 4 th Edition. Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0 -07 -036274 -2. 15. Mescher, A. L. , 2010. Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 12 th Edition. Mc. Graw Hill Medical. New York. ISBN 978 -0 -07 -1604314. 16. Tuttle, W. W. and Schottelius, B. A. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. 16 th Edition. The C. V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Library of Congress # 7589848. 17. Varner, D. et al. 1991. Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions. American Veterinary Publications. Goleta, California. ISBN 0939674 -33 -5. 18. Von Hagens, Gunther and A. Whalley, 2007. Body Worlds – The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies. ISBN 978 -3 -937256 -04 -7 19. Weiss, L. 1983. Histology: Cell and Tissue Biology. 5 th Edition. Elsevier Biomedical. New York. ISBN 0 -444 -00716 -4. 20. Weiss, L. and Greep, R. 1977. Histology. 4 th Edition. Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0 -07 -069091 -X.

Questions on Cartilage and Bone • Which is/are true about endochondral bone growth? a. b. c. d. e. growth in width occurs by appositional growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate by interstitial growth of cartilage followed by replacement by bone secondary spongiosa has an osteoid core a and b a, b, and c • Cartilage differs from bone in: a. b. c. d. e. diffusibility of the extracellular matrix presence of isogenous groups of cells ability for appositional growth a and b a, b, and c

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