Medical School Histology Basics Blood VIBS 243 lab

Medical School Histology Basics Blood VIBS 243 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Objectives are to learn: - the composition and functions of blood - how to identify blood cells - the sizes, distributions, and features/functions of different blood cells -how blood cells are made via hematopoiesis

Blood (definition and function) Body Lungs Ref code # 12 Blood - fluid connective tissue composed of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets suspended in blood plasma. Function of blood is the transportation of cells and fluid. Function of RBC is to carry O 2 to and CO 2 from tissues. The cardiovascular system is composed of two sets of closed vessels that encloses blood.

Function of blood is transportation of cells and fluid. WBC Immune defense for body. Plasma Nutrients to tissues. Waste from tissues. Proteins to hold water in plasma. Hormones and other informational mediators. Platelets Prevent loss of transportation. Ref code # 14

Ref code #5

Peripheral blood Unhealthy Blood Smear Image HISTO 021 Reticulocytes Erythrocytes This unhealthy blood smear shows color contrast in reticulocytes before they become erythrocytes

Note obvious ribosomes in the reticulocyte; they produce the blue color as seen by light microscopy Reticulocyte Unhealthy Blood Smear Image

Reticulocytes Note ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the reticulocyte are similar in density to that of the cytoplasm of its precursor cell, the orthochromatic normoblast. Both cell types have similar blue cytoplasm under light microschopy

Polychromatophilic normoblasts precursor cell to the orthochromatic normoblast

Bone marrow 32583 Reticulocyte entering blood vessel Blood vessel

Ref code # 5, 12 Eosinophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Basophil Monocyte

White Blood Cells Ref code # 12 Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte

White blood cells in blood Ref code # 12 Basophil Neutrophil Eosinophil Lymphocyte Monocyte

Slide 11 Neutrophils Red blood cells Platelets Large lymphocyte Monocyte Lymphocyte Neutrophil

SIZE OF HUMAN BLOOD CELLS CELL/PLATELET ERYTHROCYTES LEUKOCYTES (WBC) SIZE 6. 5 -8 µm Ref code # 14 % of WBC NEUTROPHIL 60 -70% LYMPHOCYTE 12 -15 µm 6 -18 µm 25% MONOCYTE 12 -20 µm 5% EOSINOPHIL 12 -15 µm 2 BASOPHIL 12 -15 µm 0 -4% -1% PLATELETS 2 -4 µm

110 Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) Neutrophils Monocyte Neutrophils Lymphocyte Monocyte

110 Peripheral blood smear (Leishman-Giemsa) Eosinophil basophil, eosinophil, and neutrophils Basophil Neutrophils

110 platelets Eosinophil Neutrophil Red blood cells Eosinophil Neutrophil

113 Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Monocyte Lymphocyte Monocyte

Slide 113 Peripheral blood smear (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) Lymphocyte

HISTO 021 60 x Eosinophil

EM 8 a Eosinophil EM 8 c Neutrophil Eosinophil Neutrophils and eosinophils in EM 8 a Basophil Lymphocyte EM 8 c illustrates an example of a basophil Monocyte Basophil

140 Infection site Plasma cells

140 Cardiac stomach w/chronic infection Eosinophil Neutrophil Gastric glands

EM 12 b to observe organelle content differences in an immature and mature neutrophils – mature has more mature dumbbellshaped granules EM 8 f

EM 8 f Lymphocytes

EM 6 Note the relative paucity of cytoplasmic organelles and the high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (EM 6) Lymphocytes

Large Golgi and many plasma membrane projects on monocytes. HISTO 021 Monocytes

Large Golgi and many plasma membrane projects on monocytes. 432 Macrophages (Slide 432) lung EM 8 f Monocyte HISTO 021 1 Blood monocytes differentiate into macrophages like those seen in the lungs

Ref code #5

Hematopoiesis Simplified: Part 1 Erythropoiesis https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=UTo 4 Ln. Xon. Tk&list=PLQltfhu. Ki 1 sgtel 3 O 9 Ip. Dsbg. EWMY 3 Ja. X 5&index=19 Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes No nucleus and red cytoplasm Reticulocytes No nucleus and blue - grey cytoplasm Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Dark, small, spherical nucleus blue – grey cytoplasm Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Darkening, fractured , spherical nucleus and mixed pools of grey and blue cytoplasm Basophilic erythroblasts Fractured, spherical nucleus and thin rim of dark blue cytoplasm Proerythroblasts Uniformly light, spherical nucleus with light nucleoli and thin rim of medium to dark blue cytoplasm

Ref code # 6, 15 Erythrocytes Mc. Graw-Hill Companies Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Reticulocytes Basophilic erythroblasts Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Proerythroblasts

Erythropoiesis Erythrocytes Proerythroblasts Reticulocytes Orthochromatophilic erythroblasts Basophilic erythroblasts Polychromatophilic erythroblasts Erythropoiesis

Bone marrow 32583 Reticulocyte entering blood vessel Blood vessel

Bone marrow

EM 12 a Bone marrow

Slide 112 Bone marrow

Bone marrow

marrow blood EM 8 a

EM 8 b Basophils

432 Lung with bronchi – macrophage

432 Lung with bronchi

Ref code #5

32583 Bone marrow Megakaryocyte EM 12 c

Ref code # 20 The Megakaryocyte has a high density of small vesicles whose membranes will serve as cell membranes when the platelets pinch off from the cytoplasm of the Megakaryocyte. .

HISTO 021 Blood Ref code # 2, 12 Blood vessel lumen EM 8 f Platelets Blood Megakaryocyte with its cytoplasm extending into the blood stream where the platelets are formed by pinching of parts of the extended cytoplasm.

Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology You. Tube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources! 1. Alberts, et al. , 1989. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 2 nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0 -8240 -3695 -6. 2. Alberts, et al. , 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3 nd Edition. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York. ISBN 0 -8153 -1619 -4. 3. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D. W. , 1968. A Textbook of Histology. 9 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress #67 -17445. 4. Elias, H. et al. , 1978. Histology and Human Microanatomy. A Wiley Medical Publication. John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0 -47104929 -8. 5. Eroschenko, V. 2000. Di Fiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 9 th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia. ISBN 07817 -2676 -X. 6. Fawcett, D. W. , 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 11 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -72161729 -8. 7. Fawcett, D. W. , 1986. Bloom and Fawcett. A Textbook of Histology. 12 th Edition. Chapman and Hall. New York. ISBN 0 -412 -04691 -1. 8. Guyton, A. C. 1971. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 4 th Edition. W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia. Library of Congress # 74118589. 9. Ham, A. W. 1974. Histology. 7 th Edition. J. B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -397 -52062 -X. 10. Ham, A. W. and Cormack, D. H. 1979. Histology. 8 th Edition. J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. ISBN 0 -397 -52089 -1. 11. Junqueria, et al. , 1995. Basic Histology. 8 th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Norwalk, Connecticut. ISBN 08385 -0567 -8. 12. Junqueira, et al. , 1998. Basic Histology. 9 th Edition. Appleton and Lange. Stamford, Connecticut. ISBN 0 -8385 -0590 -2. 13. Knobil, E. et al. 1988. The Physiology of Reproduction. Volume 1. Raven Press. New York. ISBN 0 -88167 -281 -5. 14. Langley, et al. , 1974. Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. 4 th Edition. Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0 -07 -036274 -2. 15. Mescher, A. L. , 2010. Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 12 th Edition. Mc. Graw Hill Medical. New York. ISBN 978 -0 -07 -1604314. 16. Tuttle, W. W. and Schottelius, B. A. 1969. Textbook of Physiology. 16 th Edition. The C. V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Library of Congress # 7589848. 17. Varner, D. et al. 1991. Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions. American Veterinary Publications. Goleta, California. ISBN 0939674 -33 -5. 18. Von Hagens, Gunther and A. Whalley, 2007. Body Worlds – The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies. ISBN 978 -3 -937256 -04 -7 19. Weiss, L. 1983. Histology: Cell and Tissue Biology. 5 th Edition. Elsevier Biomedical. New York. ISBN 0 -444 -00716 -4. 20. Weiss, L. and Greep, R. 1977. Histology. 4 th Edition. Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company. New York. ISBN 0 -07 -069091 -X.

The end of