MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY LECTURER SR NORAZSIDA RAMLI Intestinal

Intestinal Ciliates Phylum: Ciliophora Class: Kinetofragminophora Genus: Balantidium Species: coli

The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate. The largest intestinal protozoan. Causing gastroenteritis in man. Have

Trophozoite 30 -100µm by 30 -80µm Very large ovoid shape. Large bean-shaped macronucleus. Small

Cyst 45 -65µm by 30 -80µm Oval or spherical shape. Large macronucleus.

Transmission Transmitted by the fecal-oral route, Reservoir host: pig Infected food handlers may be

Pathogenesis Symptoms: abdominal pains, bloody diarrhea. Severe cases: abscesses and ulcers in the mucosa

Diagnosis Microscopy examination – by examining stool specimens by wet prep and permanently stained

Treatment - Take antimicrobial agents such as: Tetracycline Metronidazole Iodoquinol

Prevention Practice good personal hygiene. Have a proper sanitary condition. Take caution in dealing

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MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY & ENTOMOLOGY LECTURER: SR. NORAZSIDA RAMLI

Intestinal Ciliates Phylum: Ciliophora Class: Kinetofragminophora Genus: Balantidium Species: coli

The only pathogenic intestinal ciliate. The largest intestinal protozoan. Causing gastroenteritis in man. Have 2 stages: trophozoite, cyst.

Trophozoite 30 -100µm by 30 -80µm Very large ovoid shape. Large bean-shaped macronucleus. Small spherical micronucleus. Numerous cilia. Cytostome/cytopyge.

Balantidium coli

Cyst 45 -65µm by 30 -80µm Oval or spherical shape. Large macronucleus.

Life cycle

Transmission Transmitted by the fecal-oral route, Reservoir host: pig Infected food handlers may be implicated in the spread of this disease.

Pathogenesis Symptoms: abdominal pains, bloody diarrhea. Severe cases: abscesses and ulcers in the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the large intestine, amebic dysentery. Chronic infection – some cases r asymptomatic. Extra intestinal infections in the liver, lungs and other organs.

Diagnosis Microscopy examination – by examining stool specimens by wet prep and permanently stained smears.

Treatment - Take antimicrobial agents such as: Tetracycline Metronidazole Iodoquinol

Prevention Practice good personal hygiene. Have a proper sanitary condition. Take caution in dealing with pigs.