Mediastinum It is the partition between the two

Mediastinum: It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures It is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior Superior mediastinum: Esophagus Trachea Arch of Aorta Big branches of Aortic arch Brachiocephalic ( innominate) veins Upper half os superior vena cava Phrenic nerves Vagi nerves Middle mediastinum: Pericardium Heart Pulmonary trunk Ascending Aorta Lower half of SVC Upper part of IVC Bifurcation of trachea Posterior mediastinum: Esophagus Descending thoracic Aorta Azygos and hemiazygos veins vagi Sternal angle Lower border of T 4

Esophagus: -Length -begins -Ends -Site and relations - Blood supply Esophagus Trachea Rt Vagus Trachea: -Length -begins -Ends -Site of trachea and bifurcation) -Relation -Main bronchi. length. width. orientation. divisions Lt Vagus

Lt common carotid artery Brachicephalic artery Aorta: 1 - Ascending Aorta: Origin, end, branches 2 - Arch of aorta: Origin, end, branches 3 - descending thoracic Aorta: Origin, end, branches Paired Post intercostals Subcostal Phrenic Broncheal Single pericardial mediastinal esophageal Lt subclavian artery

Brachiocephalic veins: Azygos and hemiazygos veins: -Begin at the abdomen. -end at…… -Tributaries: 1 - Posterior intercostal 2 - Bronchial 3 - Pericardial 4 - Esophageal Superior vena cava : 5 - Mediastinal -Begin by union of…. . At level of…. right 1 st costal cartilage Lt Internal jugular -length Lt Internal jugular -end at right 3 rd costal cartilage by joining the heart -Tributaries: vena azygos at right 2 nd costal cartilage Lt Lt subclavian Comparison between right and left veins: -Begin by union of…. . -length -end at …. by forming…. . -Tributaries: one of them is internal thoracic vein Lt subclavian Phrenic nerve Rt Brachiocephalic. SVC Vena azygos Lt Brachiocephalic

Inferior vena cava: -Origin - End Pulmonary Trunk: -Origin -Divisions -Relations

Mediastinum: It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures It is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior Superior mediastinum: Esophagus Trachea Arch of Aorta Big branches of Aortic arch Brachiocephalic veins Upper half of superior vena cava Phrenic nerves Vagi nerves Middle mediastinum: Pericardium Heart Pulmonary trunk Ascending Aorta Lower half of SVC Upper part of IVC Bifurcation of trachea Posterior mediastinum: Esophagus Descending thoracic Aorta Azygos and hemiazygos veins vagi Sternal angle Lower border of T 4 Esophagus Descending Thoracic Aorta