Media public opinion and public policy The public

Media, public opinion, and public policy

The public in public opinion

The media’s position

What kind of media do we want? • “Under the law, broadcasters, who hold valuable licenses to use the public's airwaves, are considered public trustees. I thought, and still do, that responsible worldwide network news coverage, which is costly, is an obligation to be borne by the network broadcasters as a loss leader if need be. ” Lawrence K. Grossman , http: //www. asne. org/index. cfm? ID=888 http: //www. asne. org/ideas/codes/sanjose mercurynews. htm

What kind of media do we want? • "That Amendment rests on the assumption that the widest possible dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources is essential to the welfare of the public, that a free press is a condition of a free society. Surely a command that the government itself shall not impede the free flow of ideas does not afford nongovernmental combinations a refuge if they impose restraints upon that constitutionally guaranteed freedom. Freedom to publish means freedom for all, and not for some. Freedom to publish is guaranteed by the Constitution, but freedom to combine to keep others from publishing is not. Freedom of the press from governmental interference under the First Amendment does not sanction repression of that freedom by private interests. ” Associated Press v. United States No. 57 Argued December 5, 6, 1944 Decided June 18, 1945

What kind of media do we want? • “We demand zero tolerance of violence against journalists and press freedom. But today more subtle threats to freedom of expression come from within media as a result of media concentration, globalization and a culture of greed within the industry. ” International Federation of Journalists, May 2001 • http: //www. democraticmedia. org/issues/mediao wnership/chart. html

What kind of media do we have? • http: //www. doctorswithoutborders. org/publications/report s/1999/top 10. shtml • http: //www. pbs. org/newshour/bb/media/julydec 99/uncov ered_news_12 -27. html • http: //www. worldnetdaily. com/news/article. asp? ARTICLE _ID=21206 • http: //www. journalismjobs. com/ownership. cfm • http: //www. democraticmedia. org/resources/filings/TVCon centration. html

Blurring boundaries in the media • “Welch's priorities were entirely different. He made it clear that he would judge NBC News no differently than any other GE division. News would be expected to make the same profit margins they did. Welch was disdainful of any other approach. The news division, he said, had no greater obligation to provide public service than those GE lines that manufacture refrigerators, light bulbs, or jet engines. For Welch, as one critic put it, the financial perspective was the only one that mattered. That tunnel vision helped produce an era of network news that focused more on nonfiction entertainment than on the information citizens need about a dangerous and vulnerable world. ” Lawrence K. Grossman , a former president of NBC News and PBS http: //www. cjr. org/year/02/1/grossman. asp

Blurring boundaries in the media • “The new boys in town -- the Disneys, the Warners, the GEs -- the news divisions are cash cows, but in order to make money, they have to bring large numbers of people into the tent. And the fact of the matter is that humanitarian stories, foreign stories, are not of great appeal to most American viewers and readers. They don't get the ratings and therefore they don't get much attention. ” Barrie Dunsmore, Journalist • http: //www. pbs. org/newshour/bb/media/july-dec 99/uncovered_news_12 -27. html

Brent Spar: blurring boundaries in the media • http: //archive. greenpeace. org /~comms/vrml/rw/text/def/bre nt. html • http: //archive. greenpeace. org /~comms/brent/apr 30 d. html • http: //www. ee/lists/infoterra/1 995/06/0057. html • http: //archive. greenpeace. org /~comms/brent/poll. html

Blurring boundaries in the media • http: //www. demon. co. uk/eurojo urnalism/storywk. html#brent • http: //society. guardian. co. uk/gi vinglist/story/0, 10994, 579454, 0 0. html • http: //www. flipside. org/vol 1/oct 98/oc 98 w 609. htm • http: //www. esemag. com/0197/ 0197 ed. html • http: //archive. greenpeace. org/ ~comms/photo 01. html

Questions • What is the character of the media? • Are all preferences created equal? • Will new technologies compromise or contribute to democracy?