Measuring Social Protection Taking stock of our statistical

Measuring Social Protection Taking stock of our statistical knowledge Social Security Department International Labour Office (ILO) F. Bonnet International Labour Office, Geneva, 2010

Why? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Main objective è Building a knowledge base at the global level N Objective: Collect, store and disseminate, on a regular and sustainable basis, comparable statistics on the financing, expenditure, benefit levels & coverage of social security systems/programmes. N Rationale: Address the lack of (comparable) social security statistics outside the OECD world è Collected information should N Allow calculation of indicators for specific social security schemes & selected aggregate indicators at national level for as many countries as possible (including decent work indicators with respect to its social security dimension); N Constitute a basis for analysis within the framework of studies and research work; (e. g. the World Social Security Report) N Possibly contribute to practical tools such as the SPF rapid assessment (overview of SP activities at the national level) N Be accessible to internal and external users (but regulated)

What ? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Scope è Covers both statutory schemes and some non-statutory schemes è Covers both private and public schemes è Type of data | Mainly administrative from social security institutions which administer the scheme: administrative. Household survey data for a few (too few) countries è Functions covered N Old age; disability; survivors; sickness and health; unemployment; employment injury & occupational disease; family/children, and maternity (C 102). N Supplemented by housing; other income support and assistance (n. e. c. ) /social exclusion è Compatibility | Systematic approach compatible with existing statistical frameworks used in the EU (ESSPROS) and the OECD è Focus on developing countries (EU and OECD countries being covered by existing databases — expenditure data at least)

How? | The ILO Social Security Inquiry Main “complementary” channels for data collection è Channel 1 | Data collection at the country level – Ideally: direct entry online by social security institutions – Reality: A national coordinator and hard work of identifying schemes and looking for information or including data available in annual or statistical reports of national social security institutions è Channel 2 | Including data from available international sources and promoting the use of the social security inquiry methodology and tool by other organisations (ISSA, ADB, others) – – – Data from the ISSA statistical database on social security in developing countries included in SSI ADB Social Protection Index data [Expenditure & beneficiaries] OECD SOCX Social expenditure database: “Automatized” import into the social security inquiry (under development for ESPROSS)

Where & How? | Countries covered & main sources National coordinator & Other OECD & Eurostat ISSA countries (21) (31) sources Benefit expenditure Source: ISSA statisticalfrom database National coordinator (18) OECD on SOCX database social security in ADB| |Target Social Protection Index P&B countries for (30) 4. 1 (2010/11) outcome Data on expenditure & beneficiaries 20 countries to be covered the currentoverview bienniumfor during Comprehensive one oralready two years Some partially thanks topartially existing covered Some countries information updated but to be completed and updated, some Issues: regular updates and under-way or planned find more detailed information contacting & collecting data developing countries. Expenditure & Revenue from social security institutions Eurostat Long term benefits (main (recently Ukraine, Senegal, schemes) & indata some Issue: No on cases coverage and Paraguay under process) employment injury Completed when possible for Issues: i) potentially efficient Public compulsory statutory few countries (e. g. to aidentify schemes but. Australia, also schemes New-Zealand, Canada) the most costly option; ii) When possible, completed & of regularity and sustainability updated with of national available the process data collection data Issues National reports & websites Stop the(29) process in 2006|07. The security objective institutions’ is to re-activate N Social the network of ISSA members annual and statistical reports & use SSÌ & websites Complete the overview N Data collected in the context of specific projects

Guided tour | Screen shots: “a guided tour in the inquiry” Levels of information & sources What? National level - Economic & financial information - Population & Employment Used as denominator for indicators - Social security expenditure & 1. Generic text… to be customised revenue (IMF, ESSPROS) Sources - International data sources (automatic insertion) - National sources Scheme level 2. Data availability in SSI Thailand & main limitations 3. Main social security institutions websites, statistical office, Gess country profile if any, etc. SSI Core data Social security institutions | individual scheme data Data entry online possible Automatic calculation of national aggegate indicators

Guided tour | Screen shots: “a guided tour in the inquiry” Thailand - An Inventory of schemes Step 1 | First part 2| Textual information & directinformation links & Step | Individual scheme Inventory of social security schemes Description of the scheme including information from Description of the scheme including information Qualitative & Quantitative SSPTWscheme SSPTW definition of each First part | Textual information & direct links Step 3 | Inventory of benefits provided by the scheme & Second part | Quantitative information at the scheme level data collection (beneficiaries, expenditure and benefit level Target group, Affiliated | active contributors, expenditure & revenue

What? | Thailand – Unemployment benefit scheme Thailand SSO Unemployment benefit 3. | Beneficiaries, if possible by sex & 2. | Expenditure at the benefit level groupfunction, periodicity, 1. | Definition of age benefit: cash or in-kind, means tested of not A benefit is defined by: The function covered: old age, survivors, maternity, etc. Basic or supplementary benefit The periodicity: (periodic or not) The type: cash or in kind Beneficiaries: individuals or households Means-tested or not

What for? | Indicators at the national level Systematic calculation of a set of aggregate indicators Expenditure indicators (30 indicators in total), such as – Total social security expenditure as a percentage of GDP – Expenditure by social security branch Coverage indicators by function (or social security branch) – around 10 indicators per social security branch – Protection indicators (contributors and affiliated), such as: Trends in the number of active contributors in proportion of the working age (or economically active population) by function – Recipients indicators (beneficiaries) Trends in the number of beneficiaries for a given contingency (e. g. Old age pensioners (at all ages or above retirement age) as a proportion of elderly population (%)) è Benefit level indicators under development ● Depending on data availability and type of indicators ● Trends from 2000 to 2008 (especially for old age & unemployment) ● Results for total and by sex

What for? | Aggregate indicators online All countries for a given indicator: sultation 1 of Option 2 Con. Option All indicatorsmpl foroym a given country efits ben ent une g ivin rece d Share of unemploye China | View all available indicators (2000 to 2008) View all indicators for this country Indicators section

SSI | Current situation è Significant recent expansion thanks to joint efforts with the inclusion of ISSA, ADB and OECD countries – Agreement of joint activities on the point to be signed between OECD, ADB and ILO è Including OECD countries, SSI includes around one hundred countries with “some” data – More data on expenditure | Less on coverage & benefit level – Limited or no coverage information on health care but more on pensions and unemployment è Supplemented when possible by complementary data: mostly household survey data è One first significant “output”: the first edition of the World Social Security Report (WSSR 2010/11)

2. WSSR | The World Social Security Report 2010/11 Providing coverage in times of crisis and beyond è The first in a series of World Social Security Reports World Social Security Report 2010/11 Workspace è Objectives – To present the knowledge available on social security coverage worldwide; and identify existing coverage gaps; – To provide a factual basis which helps to monitor the global progress on social security coverage and thus support the ILO’s & national campaigns to extend coverage è Deals with i) the scope, extent and level of coverage; ii) scale of countries investment in social security and… è One specific topic in each new edition, è “the crisis” in 2010/11 and “Social security and women in rural areas in 2012/13” è A complete set of resources: data, graphs & databases available online http: //www. socialsecurityextension. org èWorld social security report section

WSSR | Indicators and further analysis Less than one third Source; Social security inquiry & Co. Unemployment — Effective coverage Unemployed receiving unemployment benefits No statutory unemployment scheme

WSSR | Chapters: “Meli-Melo” of graphs Chapter 6 | Coverage other branches of social Thematic focus | by Social security in times of crisis 9 coverage |by A first approximation of aother success factor security Chapter 4 Coverage social security pensions: Chapter 2 | Scope of social security Number of unemployed receiving security unemployment benefits, weighted Chapter 3||Chapter Social health protection coverage Chapter 7 | social Minimum income support and social Chapter 8 | Investments in social security: Amounts, Activeaverage, contributors or protected persons as a(Index percentage ofprotection workingselected countries, 2007– 10 value 100 =to January 2008) analysis Income security old age around the world The global deficit in social health coverage and Chapter 5 in | Income support the unemployed assistance results and efficiency age population and employment, latest available year Resources committed, statutory provision and coverage achieved: A pension beneficiaries as a proportion of the elderly by Number of branches. Old-age covered by a statutory social security Unemployed unemployment benefits, selected countries, effective access toreceiving health services in 2006 Social protection expenditure by type (ADB definitions), selected Social security expenditure by region, weighted bylatest population, latest mapping ofyear countries by level income level, various countries, available year programme, 2008– 09 PART 1 | Monitoring the state of latest available countries, 2008 (percentage ofincome GDP) available year (percentage of GDP) social security coverage Chapter 1 | Definitions, standards and concepts PART 2 | Thematic focus — Social security in times of crisis

Concluding remarks | Challenges & Strategy èThere is need for data and we face some common challenges – Availability & quality of statistical information in particular in developing countries – Fragmentation of interventions: Multiplicity of actors and higher share of non governmental interventions – Deficit of coordination & network of social protection providers and social protection statistics providers at the national level èStrategy – – Build on existing data and gradually improve the knowledge base Contribute to build capacity at the national level Enhance the use of household survey data for coverage measures and develop some complementary tools, in particular social security oriented modules in household surveys (HBS, LFS) Develop partnerships and set up agreed and shared methodologies Make the Social Security Inquiry “Non-ILO limited” Build a network of collaborators Combine efforts!

èGess and Statistics | Useful links @ World social security report, statistics & indicators, etc. ILO databases Non-ILO databases The social security inquiry Public access | Admin

2 nd entry point for SSI | Country profiles Link to SSI China

WSSR | The World Social Security Report 2010/11 èGess and Statistics | The World Social Security Report Pdf of the WSSR Access to annex tables Access to graphs & figures WSSR