Measuring gender parity in education Technical issues UNESCOFocal

Measuring gender parity in education Technical issues UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 1

Good indicators should be: Policy relevant § providing clear and unambiguous responses to key policy issues User friendly § comprehensible, timely and few in number Derived from a framework n allowing the interpretation of one figure in the context of other basic variables Technically sound n valid, reliable, comparable Feasible to measure at reasonable cost n statistics required for deriving them, either readily available or easy to collect within a well defined time frame and cost UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 2

1 UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 3

Measures of gender disparity Two measures of disparities are used in comparing education indicators: the gender gap: difference between male and female rates (M-F), expressed in percentage points è A negative gender gap indicates disparity in favour of girls the gender parity index (GPI): ratio between the female and the male rates (F/M), where: è è è GPI below 1 means disparity in favour of boys GPI = 1 means parity (the male and female indicators are equal) GPI above 1 means disparity in favour of girls or women UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 4

76 99 63 82 48 46 0. 83 107 60 UNESCO/Focal points /VC 0. 2 13 17 10 10 34 23 25 23 19 Feb 2003 9

UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 10

Egypt 2000 Educational attainment 15 -19 Source: WB DHS data UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 13

Egypt 2000 Educational attainment 15 -19 Source: WB DHS data UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 14

Egypt 2000 Educational attainment Source: WB DHS data UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 15

Measuring gender parity in education Technical issues UNESCO/Focal points /VC Feb 2003 19