MEASUREMENTS USED IN BIOLOGY SCIENTIFIC NOTATION METRIC SYSTEM
MEASUREMENTS USED IN BIOLOGY SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, METRIC SYSTEM, & CONVERSIONS
MEASUREMENTS USED IN BIOLOGY • Vocabulary • scientific notation • metric system • Objectives • Be able to write numbers in scientific notation. • Know the major units of the metric system & be able to convert from one unit to another. 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 2
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION • shorthand notation that offers concise way to express very large or very small numbers as powers of 10 M x 10 N where M = # between 1 & 10; N = integer • positive integer means move decimal to right e. g. , 1. 24 x 105 = 124000. • negative integer means move decimal to left e. g. , 2. 37 x 10 -3 = 0. 00237 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 3
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION: POWERS OF TEN 1 = 100 0. 1 = 10 -1 0. 01 = 10 -2 0. 001 = 10 -3 0. 0001 = 10 -4 0. 00001 = 10 -5 0. 000001 = 10 -6 9/3/2021 10 = 101 100 = 102 1000 = 103 10, 000 = 104 100, 000 = 105 1, 000 = 106 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 4
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION • Examples: • 1000 = • 2, 000 = • 13, 000, 000 = • 0. 01 = 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 5
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION • Examples: • 1000 = 1 x 103 • 2, 000 = 2 × 106 • 13, 000, 000 = 1. 3 × 1010 • 0. 01 = 10 -2 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 6
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION: MULTIPLYING & DIVIDING • (1 x 105)×(1 x 107)= 1 x 105+7 = 1 x 1012 • (1 x 105)×(1 x 10 -3) = 1 x 105+ -3 = 1 x 102 • (1 x 1012)÷(1 x 104)= 1 x 1012 -4 = 1 x 108 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 7
THE METRIC SYSTEM: WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN THIS? Metric mishap caused loss of NASA orbiter NASA's Climate Orbiter was lost Sept. 23, 1999 By Robin Lloyd CNN Interactive Senior Writer (CNN) -- NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation, according to a review finding released Thursday. 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 8
THE METRIC SYSTEM: WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN THIS? only 3 countries have not officially adopted the metric system: Burma(Myanmar), Liberia & USA 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 9
THE METRIC SYSTEM 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 10
METRIC SYSTEM • metric system - universal system of measurements scaled on multiples of 10 • used by scientists all over world (SI - international system of units) • favored b/c measurements can be converted with ease • conversions between orders of magnitude are based on powers of ten, so to convert you just need to move decimal point = 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 11
METRIC SYSTEM: ORIGINS • “founding father” of metric system: most historians agree on Gabriel Mouton (scientist & vicar of St. Paul's Church in Lyons, France) • 1670: proposed a decimal system of measurement • based it on length of 1 minute of arc of a great circle of Earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters) 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 12
METRIC SYSTEM: SI UNITS • SI metric unit for • Length (straight line distance between 2 points): • meter (m) • Volume (amount of space an object occupies): • liter (L) for liquids • cubic centimeter (cc or cm 3) for solids • Mass (quantity of matter in an object): • kilogram (kg) • Weight (measure of gravity’s pull on mass): • newton (N) • Temperature: Celsius scale (°C) 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 14
METRIC SYSTEM: TEMPERATURE • Fahrenheit Scale or Celsius Scale • formula to convert between Kelvin (SI Base Unit) & degrees Celsius is: 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 15
9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 16
WATER TEMPERATURE SCALE English System Fahrenheit (°F) Metric System Celsius (°C) 212°F 100°C 32°F 0°C Boiling Point Freezing Point 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 17
TEMPERATURE SCALE English System Metric System Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C) Room Temperature Body Temperature 9/3/2021 68 -77°F 20 -25°C 98. 9°F 37°C Measurements & Units Used in Biology 18
METRIC SYSTEM: CONVERSIONS • metric system – units are multiples of 10 • in order to convert from one unit to the next, you need to move the decimal point • move decimal point to right same as multiplying by 10 • move decimal point to left same as dividing by 10 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 19
Kilo 1000 X Hecto 100 x Deka 10 x Standard Deci 1/10 Centi Unit 1/100 Kilometer (abbr. Km) Hectometer (abbr. Hm) Dekameter (abbr. Dm) 1 Km = 1000 m 1 Hm = 100 m 1 Dm/dam/dk m = 10 m Kilo 1000 X Hecto 100 x Deka 10 x Standard Deci 1/10 Centi Unit 1/100 Kiloliter (abbr. KL) Hectoliter (abbr. HL) Dekaliter (abbr. da. L) 1 KL= 1000 L 1 HL = 100 L 1 DL = 10 L Meter (m) Liter (L) Decimeter (abbr. dm) Centimeter (abbr. cm) Millimeter (abbr. mm) 1 dm = 0. 1 m 1 cm = 0. 01 m 1 mm = 0. 001 m Centiliter (abbr. c. L) 1 d. L = 0. 1 L 1 c. L = 0. 01 L 1 m. L = 0. 001 L Hecto 100 x Deka 10 x Standard Deci 1/10 Centi Unit 1/100 Kiloliter (abbr. Kg) Hectoliter (abbr. Hg) Dekaliter (abbr. dag) 1 Kg= 1000 g 1 Hg = 100 g 1 Dg = 10 g (g) Milli 1/1000 Deciliter (abbr. d. L) Kilo 1000 X Gram Milli 1/1000 Milliliter (abbr. m. L) Milli 1/1000 Deciliter (abbr. dg) Centiliter (abbr. cg) Milliliter (abbr. mg) 1 dg = 0. 1 g 1 cg = 0. 01 g 1 mg = 0. 001 g
1 Stair-Step (Ladder) Method 2 KILO 1000 Units HECTO 100 Units 3 DEKA 10 Units Meters Liters Grams DECI 0. 1 Unit How do you use the “ladder” method? 1 st – Determine your starting point. 2 nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3 rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. CENTI 0. 01 Unit MILLI 0. 001 Unit 4 km = _____ m Starting Point Ending Point How many jumps does it take? 4. __. __. = 4000 m 1 2 3
METRIC SYSTEM: CONVERSION FACTORS • conversion factor ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 22
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS Metric Conversion Example: Convert 46. 5 mg to grams. 46. 5 mg 9/3/2021 1 g 1000 mg = 0. 0465 g Measurements & Units Used in Biology 23
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS • Problem: Convert the height of Mt. Everest, 8848 meters, into kilometers 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 24
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 25
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 26
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 27
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 28
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 29
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 30
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 31
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m 8848 km 1000 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 32
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1 km 1000 m 8848 km 1000 9/3/2021 8. 848 km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 33
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 34
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 35
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 100 cm = 1 m or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 36
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 100 cm = 1 m or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 37
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 100 cm = 1 m or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 38
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 39
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 40
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m = 1 km or 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 41
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 9/3/2021 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 42
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 9/3/2021 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 43
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 9/3/2021 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 44
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m 125 km 100, 000 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 45
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m 125 km 100, 000 9/3/2021 0. 00125 km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 46
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm 1 m 1 km 100 cm 1000 m 125 km 100, 000 9/3/2021 0. 00125 km 1. 25 x 10 -3 km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 47
EXAMPLE: CONVERT 125 CM TO KM 125 cm x 1 km = 0. 00125 km 100 cm 1000 m 1. 25 x 10 -3 km 9/3/2021 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 48
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