Measurement for Civil Engineering works Retaining Wall Overview
- Slides: 22
Measurement for Civil Engineering works -Retaining Wall-
Overview l A retaining wall is generally defined as a vertical wall that holds back earth. However a retaining wall has many uses such as: l l l A retaining wall for roadside embankments A retaining wall can separate older roads from highways A house retaining wall for the garage A retaining wall helps keep river banks from eroding A retaining wall to keep earth from stairwells and driveways
Common materials used for retaining walls l l l l Wood sheets; Steel and plastic interlocking sheets; Reinforced concrete sheets; Pre cast concrete elements (crib walls and block walls); Closely spaced in-situ soil-cement piles; Wire-mesh boxes (gabions); Anchors into the soil or rock mass (soil nailing).
Earth-retaining structures
Gravity wall
Crib wall
Gabion wall
Cantilever wall
Common types of retaining wall (sides of highway / expressway) block retaining wall Vegetative retaining wall
Common types of retaining wall (hill side building development) Segmental block retaining wall system Concrete retaining wall
Drainage system in retaining walls
Section view- concrete retaining wall Temporary formwork is a MUST to form the shape of retaining wall before in-situ concreting works coming in concreting works and concrete hardening to form the final product of retaining wall structure
Section view- Segmental blocks retaining wall
Section view- Vegetative retaining wall
Section view- concrete retaining wall Retaining wall Ground level Depth of excavation Concrete base footing
perspective view- concrete retaining wall length Buttress / piers height width
Measurement Principles Element: mass concrete retaining wall ***Refer to drawing given; Main components: 1. Concrete foundation / bases for retaining wall 2. Concrete retaining wall 3. Concrete piers 4. Weep holes (drainage ) 5. Pocket of granular fill Total measured length for retaining wall = 30. 00 m
Taking-off lists (lists of items to be measured) l l Excavation works l E. 1. 5. 1 – excavation, foundation, earth -starting from commencing level – m 3 Concreting works l F. 1. 3. 2 – In situ concrete designed mix, Grade 25, in bases – m 3 l F. 1. 4. 4 – In situ concrete designed mixed, Grade 30, in retaining wall – m 3 l F. 1. 4. 5 – In situ concrete designed mixed , Grade 30, in piers – m 3
Taking-off lists (lists of items to be measured) l Formwork l F. 4. 1. 1 – Formwork, to sides, of bases – m 2 l F. 4. 1. 3 – formwork, to back sides. of retaining wall – m 2 l F. 4. 1. 3 – Formwork, to end sides / faces, of retaining wall – m 2 l F. 4. 4. 3 – Formwork, to sloping faces of retaining wall – m 2 l F. 4. 1. 4 – Formwork, to sides, of piers. – m 2
Taking-off lists (lists of items to be measured) l l Drainage l H. 5. 1. 1 – outlet structures, 100 mm diameter weep holes @ 1. 8 m centre, inside the retaining wall – nos. Filling l E. 3. 4. 3 – Filling, to structures -between piers, pocket of granular material, continuously. – m 3
Techniques to take-off into dimension paper
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