MCLS Free Chinese Class Advanced Stream Yifan Wang

MCLS – Free Chinese Class Advanced Stream 墨尔本中国法学会 － 中 文课（高级课程） Yifan Wang 王一帆 Week 8 第 8周 Seminar 6 第 6课

用益物权 用 － 使用 (right to use or enjoy) 益 － 收益 (right to derive profit from a thing possessed) Usufructuary right Usufruct – usus (user) fructus (fruit)

第一百一十七条 【 用益物权人享有的基本 权利】用益物权人对他 人所有的不动产或者动 产，依法享有占有、使 用和收益的权利。 Article 117 A usufructuary right holder shall enjoy the right to possess, use and seek proceeds from the real property or movable property owned by someone else according to legal provisions.

用益物权： 占有(possess)、使用(use)、收益 (seek profits) 所有权：占有(possess)、使用(use)、收益(seek profits)、处分(dispose)

用益物权的种类 (The Type of Usufructuary Right) 土地承包经营权 (Right to the Contracted Management of Land “RCML”) 建设用地使用权 (Right to Use Land for Construction，”RULC”) 宅基地使用权 (Right to Use Lands for Building Houses, “RULBH” ) 地役权 (Easement)

土地承包经营权 （Right to the Contracted Management of Land ） 第一百二十四条 农民集体所有和国家所有由农民 集体使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于农业 的土地，依法实行土地承包经营制度。 Article 124 The system of land contracted management shall be implemented to the cultivated land, wood land, grassland, and land for other agricultural uses that are owned by farmers' collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and exploited by farmers' collectives.

设立和生效 Establishment and effectiveness 第一百二十七条 【土 地承包经营权设立和登 记】土地承包经营权自 土地承包经营权合同生 效时设立。 Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established as of the effectiveness of the contract on the right to the contracted management of land. • 登记(registration)不是生效要件，只要签署合 同 (signing the contract)

第一百二十八条 【 家庭承包的土地承包 经营权流转】土地承 包经营权人依照农村 土地承包法的规定， 有权将土地承包经营 权采取转包、互换、 转让等方式流转。流 转的期限不得超过承 包期的剩余期限。未 经依法批准，不得将 承包地用于非农建设。 Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land shall be entitled to circulate the right to the contracted management of land according to the provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land. The circulated term shall not exceed the remnant term of the original contract on right to the contracted management of land. Without approval, no contracted land may be used for non-agricultural

用益物权： 占有(possess)、使用(use)、收益 (seek profits) 所有权：占有(possess)、使用(use)、收益(seek profits)、处分(dispose) 土地承包经营权的“处分”（e. g. 转让）是由当地土 地法来规定的，不是基于物权法取得的 The right to dispose the land under the RCML is not based on proprietary right, but conferred by statute of lands, which is varied depending on different provinces.

建设用地使用权 (Right to Use Land for Construction, “RULC”) 第一百三十五条 【建 设用地使用权概念】建 设用地使用权人依法对 国家所有的土地享有占 有、使用和收益的权利， 有权利, 用该土地建造 建筑物、构筑物及其附 属设施。 Article 135 The holder of the right to use land for construction shall be entitled to possess, use and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and be entitled to make use of the land for constructing buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities.

宅基地使用权 (Right to Use Lands for Building Houses, “RULBH” ) 第一百五十二条 【 宅基地使用权的权利内 容】宅基地使用权人依 法对集体所有的土地享 有占有和使用的权利， 有权依法利用该土地建 造住宅及其附属设施 Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites shall be entitled to possess and use collectivelyowned land, and to make use of the land for constructing residential houses and their affiliated facilities.

地役权（Easement） 地 － land 役 － burden

地役权（Easement） 第一百五十六条 【地役 权】地役权人有权按照合 同约定，利用他人的不动 产，以提高自己的不动产 的效益。 前款所称他人的不动产为 供役地，自己的不动产为 需役地。 Article 156 An easement holder shall be entitled to make use of the real property of someone else according to the contract so as to increase the efficiency of his own real property. The expression of “real property of someone else” as mentioned in the preceding Paragraph shall be the servient tenement, and the expression of “one's own real property” shall be the dominant tenement.

第一百五十八条 【地 役权效力】地役权自地 役权合同生效时设立。 当事人要求登记的，可 以向登记机构申请地役 权登记；未经登记，不 得对抗善意第三人 Article 158 The easement shall be established as of the effectiveness of an easement contract. In case the parties concerned think it necessary to have it registered, they can apply for easement registration with the registration organ; otherwise, they shall not challenge any bona fide third party.

物权的种类 所有权 (Ownership) 用益物权 (Usufructuary Right) 土地承包经营权 (Right to the Contracted Management of Land) 建设用地使用权 (Right to Use Land for Construction) 宅基地使用权 (Right to Use House Sites) 地役权 (Easement) 担保物权 (Security Right) 抵押权 (Mortgage) 质押权 (Pledge) 留置权 (Lien)