MCLS Free Chinese Class Advanced Stream Yifan Wang

MCLS – Free Chinese Class Advanced Stream 墨尔本中国法学会 － 中 文课（高级课程） Yifan Wang 王一帆 Week 5 第 5周 Seminar 2 第 2课

The codes such as the ones of Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, Romania and Catalonia are structured according to the Pandectist System: Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch －Civil code of Germany General part Law of Obligation Law of Real Rights Family Law of Inheritance

物权法定原则 （numerus clausus ） 《物权法》第五条规定：“物权的种类和内容， 由法律规定。”此称物权法定原则。 Art 5: The varieties and contents of real rights shall be stipulated by law. Individuals cannot freely create new categories of property right themselves: it has to be recognised by 法律 (Law made by Legislature). Cf: common law – property right could be recoginised by courts. If found unfair or unjust, courts cannot create a property right.

物权的种类 所有权 (Ownership) 用益物权 (Usufructuary Right) 土地承包经营权 (Right to the Contracted Management of Land) 建设用地使用权 (Right to Use Land for Construction) 宅基地使用权 (Right to Use House Sites) 地役权 (Easement) 担保物权 (Security Right) 抵押权 (Mortgage) 质押权 (Pledge) 留置权 (Lien)

不是物权！ 占有 (Occupation) 房屋租赁 (Lease) 期权 (Option) ? ? - controversial 信托 (rights under trusts) Equitable interests and legal interests Mere equities – right to rescind

社会主义的色彩 国家所有权 (State Ownership) 集体所有权 (Collective Ownership) Cf 个人所有权 (Private Ownership)

社会主义的色彩 第三条 国家在社会主义初级阶段，坚持公有制为 主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。 Art 3: In the primary stage of socialism, the state upholds the basic economic system under which the public (state) ownership shall play a dominant role and diversified forms of ownerships may develop side by side.

社会主义的色彩 第四条 国家、集体、私人的物权和其他权利人的 物权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。 Art 4: The real rights of the state, collectives, individuals or any other right holder shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed by any entities or individuals.