MCB 100 Course Text Book required Microbiology with

MCB 100 Course Text Book (required) Microbiology – with diseases by taxonomy 5 th custom Ed. for the University of Illinois By Robert Bauman ISBN: 1 -323 -47025 -5 Mastering Microbiology (optional) Supplemental Materials for Microbiology by Robert Bauman, from Pearson Course ID# MMBCHAPMAN 12991 (course id appears to not be case sensitive) Pearson Publishing Representative Scott Brodkin Email: Scott. Brodkin@pearson. com

MCB 100 Grading Scale Your grade will be determined by how many points you earn in the following areas: Exams Homework Lecture Participation A+ to AB+ to BC+ to CD+ to D- = = 300 points are possible 100 points are possible 50 points are possible 450 – 405 points 404 – 360 points 359 – 315 points 314 – 270 points or 100% to 90. 0% or 89. 9% to 80. 0% or 79. 9% to 70. 0% or 69. 9% to 60. 0% plus and minus brackets: top 1/3 gets X+, middle 1/3 gets X, lowest 1/3 gets Xex: B+ = 404 – 390, B = 389 – 375, B- = 374 - 360

MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites Main Site: http: //www. life. illinois. edu/mcb/100 To see: Lecture Materials & Exam Information Username: your net. ID Password: your AD password Homework – On-Line Problem Sets (for points!) lon-capa. uiuc. edu You will need to use your password to do the on-line homework.

MCB 100 – Spring 2019: COMING EVENTS Questions in Lecture using i-Clickers. LON-CAPA Homework set 1 due at 11 pm on February 1 Homework set 2 due at 11 pm on February 4 Homework set 3 due at 11 pm on February 11 Exam – 1 (covers chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6) Wednesday February 13, - regular class time

MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Lecture 1 January 14, 2019

MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Spring 2019 Reading assignment: Microbiology By: Robert Bauman CHAPTER 1 I. The Scale of Microorganisms II. A Survey of Major Groups of Microorganisms III. The History of Microbiology

Microbiology: study of small living things micro-: (G) small bio-: (G) living -ology: (G) study of Microbiology includes the study of: - Bacteria Biofilm on a Human Tooth - Archaea From: mpkb. org - Viruses - Protozoa - the lower Fungi (yeasts and molds) - Algae - plus some other groups of single celled creatures

A REQUIRED COURSE Why is the study of Microbiology important? (Choose the response that best fits your opinions. ) A. Studying microorganisms can help us to learn about cellular processes in higher organisms. B. Some food and industrial products are made by using microbial fermentations. C. Microorganisms play critical roles in balancing Earth’s ecosystem, degrading dead organic material, and providing nitrogen and sulfur to plants. D. The rotting and poisoning of food before it can be consumed by people causes serious economic losses. E. Every year millions of people die from infectious diseases.

Why are microorganisms important? Dangerous Microbes: ~1/3 of human deaths are caused by infectious diseases, cases of non-fatal infectious illness and food poisoning cause lost productivity and financial losses Annoying Microbes: Rotting of food and infectious diseases of domesticated plants and animals causes financial losses Useful Microbes: wine, beer, cheese, tofu, vinegar, vitamins, food thickening agents & laundry enzymes are made by microorganisms Ecological Microbes: treatment of drinking water and waste water includes the use of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, global elemental cycles – nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, carbon and oxygen, depend on microorganisms for chemical transformations

Microorganisms and Human Disease Infectious Diseases and Human Deaths – Worldwide (Data from 2002, all numbers in millions. ) Deaths From Non-infectious Causes Heart Disease 11. 1 Cancer 7. 1 Stroke 5. 5 CLRD* 3. 6 Accidents 3. 5 Perinatal Conditions 2. 5 Deaths Due to Infectious Diseases Respiratory infections 3. 9 HIV/AIDS 2. 9 Diarrheal diseases 2. 0 Tuberculosis 1. 6 Malaria 1. 3 Measles 1. 0 Hepatitis B 0. 7 Tetanus 0. 4 Parasites 0. 4 *Chronic Lower-Respiratory Disease (emphysema etc. ) Total deaths from non-infectious causes: 33. 3 million Total deaths from infectious causes: 14. 2 million

Microorganisms can cause food spoilage.

Microorganisms are used to make products.

Widespread Presence and Diversity of Microorganisms 1. microbes are found wherever there is liquid water, an energy source, and carbon 2. there are many species of microorganism 3. microbes are the basis of food chains 4. microbes are essential for elemental recycling in the environment 5. microbes have modified the atmosphere and land 6. microbes were the first living creatures on Earth Corrosion of the HMS Titanic – Rusticles growing on the bow. Rusticles are a form of rapid corrosion caused by the growth of anaerobic bacteria that produce energy by oxidizing iron and reducing sulfate.

Phytoplankton Blooms in the North Atlantic Ocean

(left) Stromatolites Shark Bay, Australia Contempory layered structures of photosynthetic bacteria. (right) Fossil Stromatolites 1. 8 billion years old Near Great Slave Lake, Canada Cyanobacteria generate oxygen.

Right: Foraminifer shells Foraminifers are marine amoebas that have shells made of calcium carbonate. Below: chalk formations Left: Southeast English coast Right: Western Kansas

What is a microorganism? Microorganism = small, living creature How small are microorganisms? The traditional idea was that a creature was considered to be a microorganism if was too small to be seen with the naked eye. (generally less than 0. 1 mm or 100 mm) Is that all?

BUT… Some Bacteria have been discovered in recent years that are big enough to be visible as specks (300 – 600 mm). Also some marine algae form aggregates of cells that are meters long. Similarly, there are small invertebrate animals that are too small to see with the naked eye, but properly studied by zoologists. Epulopiscium fishelsoni, 600 mm long, is found in the intestines of surgeonfish. Also shown are several paramecia, large eukaryotic protozoa. Photo by: Esther R. Angert – Harvard University Harpacticoid copepod, adult size is about 900 mm long. These two pictures are shown at approximately the same scale. Photo by: dtplankton. com

Contemporary Idea Size is no longer the critical trait that determines if an organism is a microorganism or not. The key distinction between organisms studied by microbiologists and those studied by botanists or zoologists is that: microorganisms do not form differentiated tissues. All living organisms are composed of cells. Most microorganisms are composed of just one cell and have simple life cycles.

The metric system for small scale measurements Millimeter mm 1 x 10 -3 m Micron mm 1 x 10 -6 m or 1 x 10 -3 mm Nanometer nm 1 x 10 -9 m or 1 x 10 -6 mm or 1 x 10 -3 mm Angstrom 1 x 10 -10 m or 1/10 nm The micron is a good sized unit for measuring cells. Typical bacteria like Streptococcus are 1 – 2 mm in diameter. Typical mammalian cells are 5 – 15 mm in diameter.

Unit Conversions in the Metric System 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1 millimeter (mm) = 1000 microns (mm) 1 micron (mm) = 1000 nanometers (nm) 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m 1 mm = 1 x 10 -6 m 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m. 001 m = 1 mm. 001 mm = 1 nm Prefixes kilo- = 1000 deci- = 1/10 centi- = 1/100 milli- = 1/1000 micro- = 1/1, 000 nano- = 1/1, 000, 000

A micron is a good unit of measurement for describing the size of a cell.

A nanometer is a good unit of measurement for describing the size of a molecule.

Which one of the following is not equal to 10 microns? A. B. C. D. E. 0. 010 millimeters 1. 0 x 10 -5 meters 4. 971 x 10 -8 furlongs 1000 nanometers 1. 0 x 104 nanometers

Which one of the following is not equal to 10 microns? A. B. C. D. E. 0. 010 millimeters (0. 001 mm = 1 mm) 1. 0 x 10 -5 meters (1. 0 x 10 -6 m = 1 mm) 4. 971 x 10 -8 furlongs (furlong? ? ) 1000 nanometers = 1 micron 1. 0 x 104 nanometers = 10, 000 nm furlong = 1/8 mile or 660 feet or 201. 168 m 10 mm x 10 -6 m/mm x 1 furlong/201. 168 m

RELATIVE SIZES OF SMALL THINGS Which one of the following statements about the relative sizes of small things is FALSE? A. In most cases, a virus is smaller than a bacterial cell. B. A carbon atom is smaller than a sugar molecule. C. Mostly, white blood cells are smaller than bacteria. D. Amino acid molecules are smaller than proteins. E. A white blood cell is smaller than a parasitic worm.

SIZE MATTERS. Toxin molecules are smaller than viruses. Viruses are much smaller than bacterial cells. Bacterial cells are generally smaller than white blood cells. White blood cells are smaller than parasitic worms. Why is this important? A. One can remove bacteria & fungal spores from a liquid by filtration through a membrane with a pore size of 0. 2 microns but viruses and toxins will pass through such a membrane. B. A phagocytic white blood cell can engulf & digest bacteria but not a parasitic worm. C. A light microscope can be helpful for identifying bacteria, fungi or protozoa in a clinical sample, but viruses and toxins can’t be seen with a light microscope. D. All of the statements given above are true.

LITTLE THINGS SMALLEST - Atoms - Small Molecules (amino acids, nucleotides, sugars) - Biological Macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids) - Subcellular structures (viruses, ribosomes, microtubules) - Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Nanobacteria - Most Bacteria and Archaea - Yeasts and Flagellated Protozoa - Typical Plant and Animal Cells, Amoebae (amebas) - Ciliated Protozoa - Zooplankton (small multicellular animals) LARGEST

Note: a sphere that is 10 mm in diameter has 1000 times the volume of a sphere that is 1 mm in diameter.