MCAS Review Which group of organic compounds contains

MCAS Review

Which group of organic compounds contains fatty acids? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants. Which of the following elements are main components of cellulose? A. calcium and chlorine B. carbon and hydrogen C. potassium and chlorine D. sodium and hydrogen

The body structure of a reef-building coral consists of a hard skeleton covering soft tissue. Which of the following elements is most common in the coral’s soft tissue? A. carbon B. chlorine C. sodium D. zinc

Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae? A. carbohydrate B. fatty acid C. nucleic acid D. protein

Which of the following roles does an enzyme play when the body processes sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose? A. An enzyme decreases the body’s need for sucrose. B. An enzyme increases the amount of sucrose available. C. An enzyme increases the rate at which the sucrose breaks down. D. An enzyme decreases the amount of fructose and glucose product available.

The role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction is to change which of the following? A. the type of reaction B. the activation energy of the reaction C. the p. H at which the reaction occurs D. the temperature at which the reaction occurs

A student is preparing to run in a school track competition. For the quickest source of energy, the student should eat a food that contains a high percentage of A. B. C. D. carbohydrates. fat. proteins. sodium.

Which type of molecule in the yolk of a chicken egg provides the most energy for a developing chick? A. B. C. D. lipid nucleic acid salt water

Fatty acids are one of the products that result from the action of lipase in the digestive system. What is one way that fatty acids are used in the body? A. B. C. D. for storing energy for encoding genetic information as the building blocks of antibodies as the building blocks of hemoglobin

Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide? A. a pair of six-carbon rings attached to each other B. a carbon atom joined to hydrogen and three functional groups C. a chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group bonded to one end D. a five-carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Scientists have found geysers on one of Saturn’s moons. The geysers release water vapor containing complex organic compounds, which may indicate the presence of life. Which of the following elements is most likely abundant in the organic compounds in the water vapor? A. B. C. D. carbon chlorine iron zinc

During exercise, a person’s muscles need a constant supply of ATP. To meet this need, the rate of which of the following processes increases? A. B. C. D. cellular respiration mitosis protein synthesis transcription

Domestic horses have 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should be in an egg cell of a female horse? A. B. C. D. 16 32 64 128

Under normal conditions, which of following causes a zygote to form? A. Mitosis takes place. B. Meiosis takes place. C. Two gametes combine. D. Asexual reproduction occurs.

Which of the following organisms has the simplest cellular structure? A. B. C. D. bacterium earthworm mushroom sunflower

Which of the following happens when a phosphate bond in an ATP molecule is broken? A. B. C. D. Energy is released in a cell. Light energy is absorbed in a plant cell. Water is transported into an animal cell. Lysosome contents are released in a cell.

A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a high-powered microscope. Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear different from the eukaryotic cells? A. B. C. D. The prokaryotic cells are much larger. The prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. The prokaryotic cells have mitochondria. The prokaryotic cells have a less distinct shape.

A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a high-powered microscope. Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear different from the eukaryotic cells? A. B. C. D. The prokaryotic cells are much larger. The prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. The prokaryotic cells have mitochondria. The prokaryotic cells have a less distinct shape.

The illustration below shows a phase of mitosis. Which of the following statements describes what is occurring in this phase? A. The chromosomes are duplicating their DNA. B. The copies of each chromosome are separating. C. The chromosomes are moving toward the center of the cell. D. The homologous chromosomes are preparing for crossing over.

ATPases are enzymes that help convert ATP into ADP in cells. When a person exercises, ATPases directly increase which of the following? A. B. C. D. the amount of energy stored in muscle cells the number of mitochondria in muscle cells the number of muscle cells in muscle tissue the amount of energy released in muscle cells

Which of the following cell characteristics provides evidence that this cell comes from a plant and not from an animal? A. a large vacuole B. a single nucleus C. a functional mitochondrion D. a semipermeable cell membrane

Some cell types contain thousands of mitochondria. These cells are likely to use large amounts of which of the following? A. ATP B. carbon dioxide C. DNA D. nitrogen

Some antibiotics work by disrupting ATP production in bacteria. Which of the following will the bacteria lack when ATP production is disrupted? A. genetic material for reproduction B. energy to perform life processes C. nucleic acids to make proteins D. cytoplasm to diffuse oxygen

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells? A. active transport B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis

The human body regularly sheds and replaces its skin cells. Which of the following processes is directly responsible for replacing these cells? A. B. C. D. meiosis mitosis osmosis transcription

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A. Agaricus arvensis, horse mushroom B. Rhizopus stolonifer, bread mold fungus C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast D. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

Prokaryotes are structurally simple organisms that have existed for over two billion years. Which of the following are prokaryotes? A. B. C. D. bacteria fungi plants protists

The fungus Penicillium reproduces asexually and forms genetically identical spores. Which of the following processes does Penicillium use to form its spores? A. fertilization B. mitosis C. osmosis D. transcription

Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes? A. an egg cell with 46 chromosomes B. a liver cell with 23 chromosomes C. a blood cell with 46 chromosomes D. a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes

A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Which of the following describes the structure of an adenovirus? A. a prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum B. a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat C. a set of ribosomes that is held together by microtubules D. a single cell that contains a plasma membrane and a circular chromosome

Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes? A. an egg cell with 46 chromosomes B. a liver cell with 23 chromosomes C. a blood cell with 46 chromosomes D. a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes

Which of the following helps to explain why X-linked recessive traits in humans occur more frequently in males than in females? A. transcription of the X chromosome occurs often in males but rarely in females. B. Males and females have different sets of hormones that regulate the expression of traits. C. Males reach physical maturity more slowly than females, giving recessive traits more time to appear. D. Only one copy of the X chromosome is found in cells of males, but two copies are found in cells of females.

Crossing over is one event that can cause an offspring to have a phenotype that is different from its parents. Which of the following statements describes another event that can sometimes cause an offspring to have a phenotype that is different from its parents? A. The offspring is produced by asexual reproduction. B. Natural selection favors the offspring with specific genetic traits. C. Dominant alleles are passed from the parents and expressed in the offspring. D. A genetic mutation occurs in one of the parent gametes and is passed to the offspring.

In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 30% of the nitrogenous bases are thymine. What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are adenine? A. 0% B. 30% C. 60% D. 70%

Bluetongue virus causes severe disease in sheep and cattle. High levels of infection in livestock populations can threaten the livestock industry. Which of the following statements best describes how a bluetongue virus particle reproduces in its sheep or cattle host? A. The virus immediately kills the animal and then escapes to reproduce. B. The virus makes spores that are shed on the ground with the animal’s wastes. C. The virus uses the animal’s cellular machinery to reproduce inside the animal. D. The virus releases eggs into the nutrient-rich environment of the animal’s digestive tract.

In the human body, fibrinogen is necessary for sealing cuts and stopping the loss of blood. Since fibrinogen is made of chains of amino acids, it is an example of which type A. carbohydrate B. protein C. fatty acid D. nucleic acid

A scientist is analyzing a sample of tissue from a plant. Which of the following elements will be most abundant in the sample? A. zinc and copper B. sodium and chlorine C. carbon and hydrogen D. magnesium and calcium

Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules? A. enzymes B. fatty acids C. hormones D. monosaccharides

A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania. The organism has the following characteristics: It is multicellular. Its cells lack cell walls. It is motile. It is heterotrophic. Based on this information, to which kingdom does the organism belong? A. Animalia B. Eubacteria C. Fungi D. Plantae

A diagram of an organic molecule is below Which element is found at the positions marked by the dots ( • ) in the molecule? A. carbon B. Hydrogen C. Oxygen D. Enzymes

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70°C or higher. At a temperature of 50°C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected? A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes. B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70°C. D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C.

Yellow fever, encephalitis, and measles are diseases in humans. The disease-causing agents take over the machinery of the cells and use it to reproduce. Based on this information, the agents that cause these diseases are which of the following? A. fungi B. ticks C. viruses D. worms

Identify : 1 Producer, 3 Primary Consumers and 3 Secondary consumers

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