Mc Fatter Technical Center Emergency Medical Technician Basic
Mc. Fatter Technical Center Emergency Medical Technician - Basic Health Science Core Chapter 15 Transporting and Transmitting: The Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Nervous Systems Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
The Body’s Transportation System Consist of Three System: Circulatory System – transporting substances through the body Lymphatic System – transporting substances through the body Nervous System – complex and intricate composition transmission of the brain to the body Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels • Arteries – a blood vessel that carries highly oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissue. Contain three muscle layers • Veins – a blood vessel that carries lowoxygenated blood to the heart. Contain one-way valves Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels • Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in the circulatory system that link arteries and veins. Thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass. • Arterioles – blood vessel that joins arteries to capillaries • Venules – blood vessel that joins capillaries to veins Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Blood Vessels • Alveoli – microscopic air sacs within the lungs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. • Gas exchange – process of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood during breathing in the alveoli of the lungs Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Blood and Blood Cells • Blood is 78% water and 22% various solids • Plasma is the fluid portion of blood • Erythrocytes – red blood cells, live only 120 days, are continually reproduced by red bone marrow, and have hemoglobin attached that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide • Platelet – coagulate or clot blood • Leukocytes – white blood cells that destroy various pathogens Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Heart • Atrium – upper chambers of the heart which is the receiving chamber • Ventricle – lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart • Pericardial sac – thin layer of tissue that surrounds the entire heart Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Heart Path of Circulation Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Circulatory System • Anemia – reduction in erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood • Aneurysm – weak section of a wall of a blood vessel which results in an expansion of the vessel like a balloon • Angina – cardiac pain caused by a low blood oxygen level in the coronary arteries that supplies the heart muscle • Embolus – circulating clot Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Circulatory System • Hypertension – high blood pressure • Hypotension – low blood pressure that impairs functions • Myocardial Infarction – condition caused by the blockage of one or more coronary arteries which prevents oxygenated blood from nourishing the myocardium • Thrumbus – blood clot Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Lymphatic System • Lymph – colorless fluid that is informed in tissue space throughout the body and carried in the lymphatic vessels • Lymphocytes – leukocyte that is produced in the lymph nodes • Lymphatic tissue – tonsils, spleen, and thymus Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Conditions of Lymphatic System • Adenitis – inflammation of the lymph nodes • Hodgkin’s disease – cancer that begins in the lymphoid tissue • Tonsillitis – inflammation of the tonsils Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Nervous System Main components: • • • Brain Cranial nerves Spinal cord Spinal nerves Peripheral nerves Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Nervous System • Sensory neurons – afferent neurons; nerve cells that transmit impulses from the sensory organs and the skin to the brain and spinal cord • Motor neurons – efferent neurons; nerve cells that carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle or gland tissue Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Central Nervous System • The body system composed of the brain and spinal cord • Cerebrospinal fluid – clear, watery fluid that flows through the brain and spinal column, protecting it. • Meninges – three protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Brain Sections • Cerebrum – controls willful actions • Cerebellum – muscle coordination and tone • Midbrain – conducting impulses through the brain • Pons – bridge between two or more sections of the brain • Medulla oblongata – controls involuntary actions Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Spinal Cord Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Peripheral Nervous System • Sympathetic nervous system – controls many involuntary activities of the glands, organs, and other parts of the body. Fight or flight • Parasympathetic nervous system – acts in specific ways to complement the activities of the sympathetic nervous system Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
Nervous System Conditions • Cerebral palsy – congenital condition that results in a lack of muscle function and coordination due to brain damage • Concussion – injury or loss of function resulting from a blow to the head • Epilepsy – electrical impulses that fire throughout the cerebrum which results in seizures • Meningitis – inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
References • • Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9 th ed. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett, 2005. Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2 nd ed. Clifton Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 1996. Mc. Fatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools Revised: March 2008
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