MBSE and the ESA Concurrent Design Facility Hans

(MBSE and the) ESA Concurrent Design Facility Hans Peter de Koning (ESA/ESTEC, The Netherlands) INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public

ESA/ESTEC – European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, NL CDF INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 2

CDF – What is it? ESA Concurrent Design Facility: Concurrent Engineering applied to space system development For details see http: //www. esa. int/cdf INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 3

Floorplan and Typical Domain Seats (completely configurable) Customer (3 D) Big screen Team Leader Technical Author System Eng. Mission Analysis System Eng. Assistent (Remote, ESOC) Ground Systems & Ops Cost Risk AOCS GNC Power Propulsion Programmatics Configuration (3 D) Communications Structural Data Handling Thermal Meeting room Simulation Break out islands INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 4

CDF – What is it? Ø An integrated, model-based design environment using a concurrent engineering methodology equipped with state of the art IT • General service available to all ESA programmes for interdisciplinary and/or inter-directorate applications • Implementation and operation started in Nov 1998 – First on an experimental basis funded by GSP (General Studies Programme) – Following the Team-X example set by NASA/JPL Ø Initial focus: assessment and conceptual design of future space missions, i. e. internal phase 0 and A feasibility studies Ø Highly interactive, collaborative, multi-disciplinary engineering Ø Integration of customer, engineering team, tools, project data, mission and system models Ø Simultaneous participation of all mission domains • Including Cost Engineering, Risk Analysis, Programmatics/AIV, Operations, CAD, Simulation INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 5

Space project life-cycle - ESA/industry perspective = CDF application / quantity I n d u s t r y E S A Evolving Applications Phase A Phase C/D Phase B … Launch Pre. Phase 0 Ph. A 150+ SPEC. ’s 25 Review 25 SPEC. ’s 3 Review SPEC. ’s CDR … FDIR 2 Lessons Learned INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 6

Concurrent Design Process Flow Mission requirements & constraints Objectives Environment Lifetime Payload Reliability Schedule Technology Budget Study results System Design Configuration Launcher Risk Cost Simulation Programmatics Options Study requirements Products Study Level Conceptual model of mission & spacecraft design process Planning Resources INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 7

Concurrent Design Process Characteristics Ø Conducted in half-day sessions • Session = plenary meeting in the CDF with full team (typical one morning) • 6 to 10 sessions per study, 4 hour/session, 2 sessions/week • Typically 4 weeks elapse time Ø Team Leader coordinates – System Engineer manages overall model Ø Customer (Study Manager) participates in all sessions Ø Iterations involve all domains going from requirement analysis to design concept including feasibility, cost, risk, programmatics, technology gaps Ø Identification of design options followed by trade-offs Ø In between sessions: "homework" sorting out details • Team has full access to CDF infrastructure from their office and via VPN Ø Most team members work less than 50% of their time in one study INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 8

Iterative Process – Spiral Model Mission analysis Mission requirements analysis Sub-system design Design verification Cost analysis Risk assessment Key Parameters INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 9

Integrated Design Model (IDM) – Multi-disciplinary Parameterised Design Subsystem-1 Domain Specific Tools & DBs Both clients and server use MS Excel Large Data Structures Programmatics Data Exchange (scalars) Risk Data Parking (matrices) Cost Presentation Sheets Calculation Sheets Outputs Sheet System Inputs Sheet Subsystem-n INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 10

Example video of CDF session INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 11

CDF – Achievements Ø Activities performed • 150+ future space mission studies at Phase 0 conceptual system design • 5 System-of-Systems studies – Including integration of So. S / Enterprise Architecture Framework tools into the CDF • 7 new launcher concept design • 11 complex payload instrument design (IDA), incl. platform, system, mission • 25 reviews of Industrial Phase A and Phase B studies • Joint studies with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X (Distributed Concurrent Engineering), CNES CIC, Industry, Academia • Anomaly investigations in phase C, D, E (AIV, Operations) • Educational, training, promotion and standardisation activities Ø Spin-off • Transfer of CDF know-how and software to national Agencies, Industry, Academia INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 12

Example: CDF 2011 Metrics ØCompleted 17 concurrent design studies • On average ~20 domains/disciplines per team • Usually running 2 studies / teams simultaneously Ø 200+ different persons participated ØAnnual 3 -day training course "Concurrent Design of Space Systems" ØRecorded sessions on video (hundreds of hours) Ø IXV EVO - Assessment of Intermediate e. Xperimental Vehicle Evolution Ø MMSR - Moons of Mars Sample Return Ø MNSM - Mars Network Science Mission Ø Marco Polo R - Sample Return from NEA Ø ICPA Phase 2 - ISR Capability Pack Assessment Study Ø LOFT - Large Observatory for X-Ray Timing Ø VAC - Post ATV Derivative Concept Ø AGILE - Alternative Trajectories for Galileo Ø EU LISA - Europe only version of LISA mission Ø ECHO - Exo. Planet Observatory Ø COMPSAR - Passive Companion for Sentinel 1 Ø STE QUEST - Space Time Explorer and Quantum Equivalence Test Ø Exploration Scenarios Comparative Review Ø ICPA Phase 1 - ISR Capability Pack Assessment Study Ø NEMS - Manned Mission to Near Earth Asteroid Ø Envisat DO - Deorbit Mission Ø PHOEBUS - High Speed Reentry Demonstrator INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 13

CDF – Benefits Ø Performances (typical phase 0 study): • • Study duration (Design phase): 3 -6 weeks (cp. 6 -9 months!) Factor 4 reduction in time Factor 2 reduction in cost (for the Customer) Increased number of studies per year, can run 2 studies in parallel Ø Improvement in quality Ø Providing quick, consistent and complete mission design • Including technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost Ø Technical report becomes part of the spec's for subsequent industrial activity (ITTs) • Cost report remains an independent internal ESA reference Ø Capitalisation of corporate knowledge for further reusability CDF: an essential tool for ESA's Decision Making and Risk Management processes INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 14

17 Concurrent Design Centres in European Space Sector United Kingdom • CDF at Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow • SDO at EADS/Astrium, Stevenage • CDF at Univ. of Southampton, Southampton • CDF at Harwell Institute, Oxford The Netherlands • CDF at ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk France • CDF at ISU, Strasbourg • PASO at CNES, Toulouse • SDO at EADS/Astrium, Toulouse • CDF at Thales Alenia Space, Cannes Germany • CEF at DLR, Bremen • SDO at EADS/Astrium, Friedrichshafen legenda Agency Industry University Switzerland • CDF at EPFL, Lausanne Portugal • CDF at Univ. Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon Italy • COSE at Thales Alenia Space, Torino • ISDEC at Thales Alenia Space, Roma • CDF at La Sapienza Univ. , Roma • CEF at ASI, Roma INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 15

Scope of MBSE Problem Specification Solution Definition models of requirements Verification and Validation, Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration, Test models of V&V, MAIT (procedures, testsuites, …) models of design Customer/Supplier Interface INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 16

Evolving ECSS Conceptual Data Model for Model Based (Systems) Engineering E-TM-10 -25 E-TM-10 -23 Focuses on conceptual models in early life cycle phases (0, A) Focuses on large models in later life cycle phases (B, C, D, E) • Developed in tandem • Where possible use common approach • Where possible align with Sys. ML • Future merge to single real standard • E-TM-10 -25 A made available Oct 2010 • E-TM-10 -23 A made available Nov 2011 INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 17

Concurrent Engineering in Early vs Later Life Cycle Phases Early Phases baseline Later Phases time • Tens of users • One or few organisations • Near real time collaboration in minutes, hours • Trade studies / Strawman models • Requirements in state of flux • Support decision making / programme formulation • Hundreds of users • Tens of organisations • Synchronisation times in days, weeks • Formal configuration/version control • Strict requirements baseline • Formal detailed V&V • Orders of magnitude more models/data INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 18

ECSS E-TM-10 -25 Scope ECSS E-TM-10 -25 Resource Directory Data Model master definition in UML 2 derived/generated XML Schema (XSD) web services (WSDL, JSON) ISO 10303 -11 EXPRESS target platforms … Reference Data Library (RDL) "Generic/Top" Concepts common to all studies e. g. SI quantities, scales, units, general parameter types Catalogue (of reusable patterns) Study Template Reference Data Library (RDL) "Family" Concepts common to "family" of applications e. g. space mission design Study Model Off-line Exchange File XML INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 19

OCDS (Open Concurrent Design Server) Ø Objective: Replace existing CDF Excel-based Integrated Design Model with a modern multi-user toolset using a client/server/database architecture Ø IDM successfully used from 1998 to today, but has reached limits in terms of capabilities and maintenance Ø OCDS: modern client / webservices / database server architecture Ø Implementation of ECSS E-TM-10 -25 data model and RDLs Ø Collaboration product for development and industrialisation of a commonly shared concurrent design environment for the European space engineering community yielding "community open source" for ESA Member States Ø First industrial OCDS development yielded a functional tool, but failed to deliver required robustness and inter-active performance Ø Development now redirected under direct ESA lead – Target: deliver operational solution by summer 2012 Ø User interface remains on top of MS Excel • Works well – requires little training – is flexible Ø Open source components for webservices and DBMS INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 20

E-TM-10 -25 / OCDS Typical Database Deployment Resource Directory "Family" Ref Data Lib Study Template (to start a new model) Catalogue (of reusable patterns) Generic Ref Data Lib Study Model Study Ref Data INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 21

E-TM-10 -25 / OCDS Distributed Concurrent Design Session clients / end-user app's Simplified View web services resource directory editor 1 master site editor 2 webservice dispatcher editor 3 generic RDL space mission RDL editor 4 editor 5 dsta 1 dst 1 editor 31 firewall webservice dispatcher editor 33 dst 31 dst 32 study 1 model resource directory generic RDL editor 32 slave site databases space mission RDL dsta 31 dsta 32 replicas UML Deployment Diagram study 1 model INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 22

OCDS Community Portal (Wiki) Ø http: //atlas. estec. esa. int/uci_wiki Ø Documentation OCDS Ø Human and machine readable versions of E-TM-10 -25 and E-TM-10 -23 electronic annexes Ø Discussion Forum Ø Issue tracker INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 23

Evolution of ECSS E-TM-10 -25 & OCDS ØE-TM-10 -25 A was developed by ECSS WG representing ESA, national agencies and prime contractors ØWill be continued in 2012 as "Network of Experts on Concurrent Engineering" to drive further development ØFuture merge with ECSS-E-TM-10 -23 "Space system data repository" that targets phases B – F and was developed in tandem with E-TM-10 -25 ØGoal: Stable and solid basis for cooperation and harmonization of CD Centres in ESA (Associated) Member and Cooperating States INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 24

Closing Remarks Ø Multi-disciplinary concurrent engineering facility and process are essential and very effective asset for ESA to be a "smart buyer" Ø Growing, active Community of Practice in European space sector • Bi-annual conference/workshop: SECESA (next Oct 2012 in Lisbon, Portugal) Ø Established comprehensive initial standard semantic conceptual data models (ECSS E-TM-10 -25 & E-TM-10 -23) for space system life cycle • Quite generic models – could be used in other industry sectors Ø Established model based software engineering process and tooling using ECSS data models as driving top level source Ø Moving to next generation model-based tools and process by starting with the early phases and scaling up to the later phases attempting to use one underlying semantic data model • Soon need to move to more precise semantic technology than UML/Sys. ML can offer • Develop ECSS standard to act as one input INCOSE IW 12 / MBSE Workshop | Jacksonville, FL, USA | 21 -22 January 2012 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public 25