May 2008 doc IEEE 802 11 080613 r

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Facilitating Power Line Communication PHYs Date: 2008 -05 -13 Authors: Submission 1 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Abstract There exists several consumer and SOHO use cases where wireless communication cannot reach with sufficient bandwidth and it is impossible to pull new wiring. One possible solution is powerline communication (PLC). Powerline communication usefulness could be facilitated by combining an 802. 11 MAC with a powerline PHY Submission 2 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Problematic Use Case • There is a need for reliable 20 Mb/s communication across a home or small office. – Home may be 100 feet end to end – Home construction may block radio – Households are buying their second HD TV; usually in master bedroom – Some video codecs data rate is 20 Mb/s; don’t want to have to transcode video – Home may not allow new wiring to be pulled; historic buildings that cannot be modified, walls cannot be drilled, etc. – May need 60 Mb/s capacity to give a reliable 20 Mb/s Submission 3 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Existing Technologies Fall Short • 802. 11 n at 100 feet does not approach 20 Mb/s – Current equipment tested capacity falls short • 60 GHz is essentially line of sight and effective only within a single room (UWB has same problem) – Dramatic dropoff (to the fourth power) vs. distance • Current regulatory limits on transmitted power coupled with Shannon’s limit show little promise for wireless solutions • Wireless bridges essentially split total available bandwidth between uplink and downlink Submission 4 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Powerline Communication (PLC) • Powerline communication within home or small office is one possible solution • Does not need any new wires to be pulled • Throughput vs. distance is better than regulatory constrained wireless Submission 5 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Similarity of 802. 11 and PLC • The In-Home medium (power lines) is similar to the 802. 11 medium – – – Shared medium High loss ratios Open, unlicensed “spectrum” (open access to all kinds of devices) Uncontrolled medium: no clean definitions of cable types and terminations Multipath Interference from external devices • – Interference on external devices • – PLC on short wave radio versus 802. 11 on radar, 802. 15 and 802. 16 Indeterminate edges on the medium: both extend through various types of physical boundaries • • • Power drills, vacuum cleaners on PLC versus microwave ovens on 802. 11 Wireless extends through walls Wired extends outside the “In-Home” – into neighboring apartments But also is dissimilar from the 802. 11 medium – – Wires Only one channel – no channel hopping • – – – Submission 2 -30 MHz band at usable power levels; up to 100 Mz at lower power levels Different noise sources; different noise patterns Different attenuations: twisted cap connection to the second bedroom; fuse boxes Blocking filters are possible – but not yet available No legacy standards Access technology interface – requires In-Home to support some level of coexistence / interoperability 6 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Current State of PLC • The new idea (last few years) – 200 Mbps PHY raw rate; 50+ Mbps above MAC (UDP) – CSMA/CA – EDCF-like – Qo. S is HCF-like: both parameterized and prioritized • Beacons, CFP, CP, polling – Network manager (AP-like) access control, security and Qo. S • Three variants of the new idea – All are proprietary, but not that far apart from each other – PHYs use versions of OFDM – MACs can encapsulate Ethernet frames in MSDUs Submission 7 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Natural Synergy: 802. 11 MAC and PLC PHY • The PLC DS for 802. 11 will fully support 802. 11 – 802. 11 i / 802. 1 X security (including authentication server) authorizes all DS STAs, as well as 802. 11 STAs • Unauthenticated equipment on the DS is a security hole in the overall system (ESS) • Using different authentication systems for 802. 11 and the DS opens security holes – Bandwidth reservations over the DS • Continuous allocations from one WLAN across the DS to another WLAN – Same priorities over the DS: “Mapping” is one-to-one • Have a dead spot? Plug another AP into the wall. – Same security and Qo. S will be available from the gateway throughout the home – Or plug the mobile device (laptop, PDA, video player) itself into the wall. • 802. 11 r mobility domain can include the PLC network manager (AP) – Fast transition over unplugging from / plugging into the wall power – Seamless Vo. IP, video streaming sessions for laptops, PDAs, cordless phones • Applications see PLC as another available WLAN – If more bandwidth or a better connection there, application can trigger handover – Sudden congestion in one, application can skip to the other – Application doesn’t have to care whether each LAN is wired or wireless Submission 8 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 PLC MAC/PHY Services • 802. 11 -2007 PHY / MAC services, management entities – – • PHY – – • There’s not much there that is wireless-specific Exercise left to the student: reread 802. 11 -2007 while thinking “really lousy wire” PLCP, MPDUs, CCA, PLME, PMD-SAP; PMD, of course, is specific (to OFDM) PLC can support a superset of the PHY-SAP, PMD-SAP OFDM parameters, frames, symbols, preambles Even RSSI has value on an “open spectrum” wire MAC – HCF: both parameterized and prioritized Qo. S • – – MSDUs, MPDUs, IFS (SIFS to AIFS), backoffs, TXOPs, block ACKs MLME • • – • Beacons, CFP, CP, polling, EDCA, RTS/CTS, NAVs, TSPECs Just imagine a really limited medium that has only one channel And no need to detect radar PLC can support a superset of the MAC-SAP and MLME RLM – – Submission 802. 11 -2006 really is not about wireless 801. 11 -2006 is an RLM LAN recipe book 9 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Proposal • Add to the 802. 11 Mac what few new interfaces and services are necessary to facilitate PLC PHYs • Essentially create a “snap-in” interface for a PLC PHY • Not necessary to actually define a non-wireless PHY in 802. 11 Submission 10 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 Implications • PLC and 802. 11 could be in the same ESS and same roaming domain – Only need a single authentication server for both PHYs. • Roaming between PHYs becomes trivial – Unplug a laptop, and trivially switch to wireless 802. 11 – Layer 3 roaming no worse than 802. 11 wireless roaming • AP can service both PLC and 802. 11 wireless networks – With bridging function, can plug in a new AP anywhere there is power. – Single cable to AP; instead of power over ethernet, “ethernet” over power Submission 11 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics

May 2008 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -08/0613 r 0 References Submission 12 Clint Chaplin, Samsung Electronics