MAVZU XIX ASRNING IKKINCHI YARMI VA XX ASR

MAVZU: XIX ASRNING IKKINCHI YARMI VA XX ASR BOSHLARIDA TURKISTONDA IJTIMOIY PEDOGOGIK FIKRLAR

REJA: • XVII asrdan XX asrning birinchi yarmida Turkistonda maktab, ta`lim va tarbiya masalalari. • Mahmudxo’ja Behbudiy hayoti va ijodi • Munavvar Qorining pedagogik faoliyati • Abdulla Avloniy ma'rifatparvarlik goyalari. • Abdurauf Fitratning jadidchilik harakatidagi xizmatlari.

ADABIYOTLAR: 1. Hoshimov. K. , Nishonova S. , Inomova M. , Hasanov. R. Pedagogika tarixi. – T. : O’qituvchi, 1996. 2. Dolimov U. Milliy uyg’onish pedagogikasi. – T. : NOSHIR, 2012. 3. Atayeva N. , Rasulova F. , Hasanov. S. Umumiy pedagogika (Pedagogika tarixi). – T. : “Fan va texnoligiya”, 2011. 4. Hasanboyeva O. va boshqalar. Umumiy pedagogika nazariyasi va amaliyoti. – T. : “Fan va texnologiya” nashriyot, 2013. 5. J. Yo’ldoshev, S. Hasanov. Jadidtarbiyashunosligi asoslari. – T. : O’qituvchi, 1994. 6. A. Aliyev. Mahmudxo’ja Behbudiy. – T. : Yozuvchi, 1994. • Westbrook J, Durrani N, Brown R, Orr D, Pryor J, Boddy J, Salvi F (2013) Pedagogy, Curriculum, Teaching Practices and Teacher Education in Developing Countries. Final Report. Education Rigorous Literature Review. Department for International Development. The report was designed in April 2014 by Philip Rose, EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, university of London, 2013 • 7. Pedagogy and Practice: Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools Leadership guide, Crown copyright 2004

ХIХ ASRNING 2 -YARMIDA TURKISTONDA MAKTABLAR TIZIMI • The traditional education system was not the only option for Central Asian students, but it was far more popular than the alternative. Beginning in 1884, the tsarist government in Turkestan established "Russo-native" schools. They combined Russian language and history lessons with maktab-like instruction by native teachers. Many of the native teachers were Jadids, but the Russian schools did not reach a wide enough segment of the population to create the cultural reinvigoration the Jadids desired. Despite the Russian governor-general's assurances that students would learn all the same lessons they could expect from a maktab, very few children attended Russian schools. In 1916, for example, less than 300 Muslims attended Russian higher primary schools in Central Asia • https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jadid

BUNGA BIZ 1897 YILDAGI ROSSIYA TOMONIDAN О‘TKAZILGAN AHOLINI RО‘YXATI MA’LUMOTLAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tojiklar – 99, 5 % savodsiz; Qirg‘izlar – 99, 4 % savodsiz; Turkmanlar – 99, 3 % savodsiz; О‘zbeklar – 98, 4 % savodsiz; Qozoqlar – 97, 9 % savodsiz deb hisoblangan.

Turkistonda rus maktablarining ochilishi. № 1. Yillar Ochilgan ta’lim muassasalari 1866 yil Tоshkеntdа dаstlаbki rus mаktаbi 2. 1876 yil Tоshkеntdа, Vеrniydа (hоzirgi Оlmаоtаdа) erlаr vа Хоtn-qizlаr gimnаziyalаri 3. 1879 yil Tоshkеntdа o’qituvchilаr sеminаriyasi 4. 5. 1884 yil Tоshkеntdа, «eski shаhаr» qismidа sinаb ko’rish uchun birinchi rus-tuzеm 19 mаktаbi dеkаbr 1903 yil Turkistоn pеdаgоgikа to’gаrаgi 6. 1903 yil Tоshkеntdа qizlаr uchun rus-tuzеm mаktаbi

RUS, RUS-TUZЕM MАKTАBLАRINI TASHKIL QILINISHI XIX аsrning 70 – yillаridа rus, rus-tuzеm mаktаblаri ilk bоr ochildi 1904 yilgа kеlib ulаrning sоni 57 tаgа еtdi

TURKISTONDA JADIDCHILIK HARAKATI. The content of these papers varied – some were extremely critical of the traditional religious hierarchy, while others sought to win over more conservative clergy. Some explained the importance of Central Asian participation in Russian politics through the Duma, while others sought to connect Central Asian intellectuals to those in cities like Cairo and Istanbul. The Jadids also used fiction to communicate the same ideas, drawing on Central Asian as well as Western forms of literature (poetry and plays, respectively). For example, the Bukharan author Abdurrauf Fitrat criticized the clergy for discouraging the modernization he believed was necessary to protect Central Asia from Russian incursions.

Boshlang’ich maktablar Gimnazi Rus yalar maktablari Rus-tuzem maktablari Yangi usul maktablari

JADIDLAR TOMONIDAN CHOP ETILGAN GAZETA VA JURNALLAR № Nashr etilgan yillar Nashrlar nomi 1. 1883 yil Ismоilbеk Gаspirаli “Tаrjimоn” gаzеtаsi 2. 1917 yil Аbdullа Аvlоniy “Turon” gаzеtаsi 3 1906 yil Munаvvаr qоri “Taraqqiy” 4 1913 yil 5 1925 yil Mаhmudхo’jа Bеhbudiy “Samarqand”gаzеtаsi, “Oyna” jurnali Abdulla Qodiriy “Mushtum” jurnali 6

JADIDLAR TOMONIDAN YARATILGAN ASARLAR № Mualliflar Darslik va asarlar 1. Ismоilbеk Gаspirаli “Hujаi Subyonа”, “Qirsаt turki”, “Rаhbаri muаllimin” 2. Mаhmudхo’jа Bеhbudiy “Pаdаrkush” 3. Munаvvаr qоri «Аdibi аvvаl» ( «Birinchi аdib» , 1907)) аlifbоsi vа «Аdibi sоniy» ( «Ikkinchi аdib» , 1907), «Еr yuzi» ( «Jug’rоfiya» ), «Hаvоyijоn diniya» (1907) “O’zbek tili saboqligi” 4. Аbduqоdir Shakuriy «Jоmеul – hikоyat» ( «Hikоyalаr to’plаmi» ), «Zubdаtul аshоr» 5. Аbdullа Аvlоniy «Tаrjimаi hоl» , “Birinchi muallim”, “Ikkinchi muallim”, “Turkiy guliston yoxud ahloq”, 6. Saidrasul Aziziy “Ustodi avval”, “Muallimi soniy” 7. Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy “Yengil adabiyot” 1 -sinf uchun, “O’qish kitobi” 2 -sinf uchun, “Qiroat kitobi”

SAVOL VA TOPSHIRIQLAR 1. XIX asrning 2 -yarmida Turkistonda joriy etilgan maktablar tizimining mazmunini yoriting. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Chor Rossiyasining ta’lim siyosati mohiyati nimadan iborat? Turkistonda ochilgan rus maktablari haqida nimalarni bilasiz? Yerlik aholi uchun ochilgan rus-tuzem maktablaridagi ta’lim-tarbiya tizimini tavsiflang. Jadidchilik harakati qachon, qayerda vujudga kelgan? Jadidchilik harakati namoyondalarining asosiy g‘oyalari nimadan iborat edi? Turkistonda yangi usul maktablarining ochilishi qay tarzda amalga oshdi? Mahmudxo’ja Behbudiy, Munavvar Qori, Abdulla Avloniy, Abduqodir Shakuriylarning yangi usul maktablari mazmunini ochib bering.