Matter Wave Deflection through a Light Prism Incident

Overview Analogy: optics for atom waves n Interference fringes enable precise measurements n Index

Atom Source Beam splitter for atom waves Atom Wave Interference Fringes

“Tune–Out” Wavelengths D 1 1500 GHz D 2 K 4 s → 5 p

Conclusion Atom optics and Atom interferometry work n New Measurements of the index of

Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF, NIST, and NASA Space-Grant Program n

Preliminary Data Atom Beam n n Vapor Cell Detuning frequency is the amount the

Light Shift and Dynamic Polarizability Model of a Two-Level Atom

Light Shift and Dynamic Polarizability Model of a Three-Level Atom n n n Atoms

Conclusion This experiment is analogous to a glass prism deflecting a beam of light.

Atom Intensity Atom fringes Grating Displacement

Our Atom Interferometer (AI) n n n AI uses de Broglie wave interference to

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Matter Wave Deflection through a Light Prism Incident Atom Beam φ Prism of Light Refracted Atom Beam Joseph Ronan Will Holmgren, Ivan Hromada, Raisa Trubko, Alex Cronin University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

Overview Analogy: optics for atom waves n Interference fringes enable precise measurements n Index of refraction for matter waves (due to light) depends on light frequency. n

Atom Source Beam splitter for atom waves Atom Wave Interference Fringes

Atom Beam Profile Atom Beam

Matter Wave Interference Atom Beam

Phase Shifts and Beam Deflection 100 nm

Atom Interference Fringe Data

Phase Shifts and Beam Deflection φ

“Tune–Out” Wavelengths D 1 1500 GHz D 2 K 4 s → 5 p transitions (405 nm) 500 GHz 1000 GHz K 4 s → 4 p transitions

Atom Fringe Phase Shift Data

Conclusion Atom optics and Atom interferometry work n New Measurements of the index of refraction for matter waves (due to light) will test basic atomic theory calculations. n

Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF, NIST, and NASA Space-Grant Program n Thanks also to: n ¨ Will Holmgren (Physics Ph. D student) ¨ Ivan Hromada (Physics Ph. D student) ¨ Raisa Trubko (Optics Ph. D student) ¨ Alex Cronin (Physics Professor)

Backup slides

Preliminary Data Atom Beam n n Vapor Cell Detuning frequency is the amount the laser is detuned from resonance. Minimum in transmission near detuning of zero; majority of photons are being absorbed and scattered in vapor cell.

Light Shift and Dynamic Polarizability Model of a Two-Level Atom

Light Shift and Dynamic Polarizability Model of a Three-Level Atom n n n Atoms in our beam are found in both ground states (1, 2) Degeneracy in Zeeman states (2 F+1) Measured phase shift for our ensemble of atoms is not a simple average of these two curves.

Conclusion This experiment is analogous to a glass prism deflecting a beam of light. n Our atom interferometer is sensitive enough to detect nano-radian deflections. n This experiment may lead to a sensitive measurement of “tune-out” wavelengths where a(w) = 0. n

Contrast Loss from Light Prism

Atom Intensity Atom fringes Grating Displacement

Our Atom Interferometer (AI) n n n AI uses de Broglie wave interference to Atom Beam make precise measurements Vapor cell utilizes K Laser absorption to measure wavelength We scan laser frequency in small increments over range of 3 GHz. AI Atom Counter Vapor Cell Photo Detector