Matter The Nature of Matter A Matter is

Matter

The Nature of Matter A. Matter is a term used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space. 1. All matter has its own properties that are used to classify them B. A substance is a type of matter with fixed composition. 1. It can either be an element or compound

Elements A. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substance by chemical or physical means. 1. Composed of only one type of atom B. All of the matter you are ever likely to experience is made from one or more elements in nature.

Elements 1. For example, water can be broken down into its elements, hydrogen and oxygen, when energy is added.

Atoms A. A single atom is the smallest particle that retains the chemical identity of the element.

Compounds and elements A. Compounds are two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Examples of compounds 1. Compounds contain more than one type of atom joined together.

Molecules A. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together chemically. 1. Everything from things you eat to items you wear all consist of molecules

Mixtures A. Many substances you encounter are a mixture of different elements and compounds. 1. Mixtures can be easily separated by physical means How many molecules B. There are 2 types of mixtures: are in this mixture? How many atoms are 1. Homogeneous mixtures in this mixture? 2. Heterogeneous mixtures

Mixtures HOMOGENEOUS Mixture of two or more gases, liquids or solids substances blended evenly throughout. Another word for homogeneous mixture is a solution. HETEROGENEOUS Mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished. Also known as suspensions

Colloids A. Colloids are specific kind of mixture. It has properties of both solutions & heterogeneous mixtures. 1. Particles are bigger than solutions but wont settle out Examples: fog, milk 2. To determine if it’s a colloid versus a solution strike a beam of light through it. If the light scatters it’s a colloid. (Tyndall effect)

Elements, compounds, and mixtures Can you distinguish between atoms and molecules in these images?

States of Matter

I. STATES OF MATTER A. Based upon particle arrangement B. Based upon energy of particles C. Based upon distance between particles

II. Kinetic Theory of Matter A. Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

III. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS • A. Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. • B. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

IV. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID A. Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. B. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

V. STATES OF MATTER GAS A. Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. B. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

VI. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Solid to liquid Term for Phase Change Melting Liquid to Freezing solid Heat Movement During Phase Change Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

VI. PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Vaporization, which includes Heat goes into the Liquid to gas boiling and liquid as it vaporizes. evaporation Heat leaves the gas Gas to liquid Condensation as it condenses. Heat goes into the Solid to gas Sublimation solid as it sublimates.

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1, 000, 000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

VII. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA A. A plasma is an ionized gas. B. Good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. C. Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state