MATTER Solids Liquids Gases I States of Matter

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MATTER Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter w Kinetic Molecular Theory w

MATTER Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter w Kinetic Molecular Theory w Four States of Matter w Thermal Expansion

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory ö KMT w Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory ö KMT w Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter. w The kinetic energy (motion) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

B. Four States of Matter ö Solids w low KE - particles vibrate but

B. Four States of Matter ö Solids w low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around w definite shape & volume w crystalline - repeating geometric pattern (e. g. graphite, diamond) w amorphous - no pattern (e. g. glass, wax)

Types of Solids http: //www. theory. tifr. res. in/~tridib/images/solid. png

Types of Solids http: //www. theory. tifr. res. in/~tridib/images/solid. png

B. Four States of Matter ö Liquids w higher KE - particles can move

B. Four States of Matter ö Liquids w higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together w indefinite shape w definite volume

B. Four States of Matter ö Gases w high KE - particles can separate

B. Four States of Matter ö Gases w high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container w indefinite shape & volume

B. Four States of Matter ö Plasma w very high KE - particles collide

B. Four States of Matter ö Plasma w very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) w gas-like, indefinite shape & volume w stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes

C. Thermal Expansion ö Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled. ö

C. Thermal Expansion ö Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled. ö Temp causes KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out. ö EX: thermostats (bimetallic strip)

Changes in State II. Changes in State 1. Phase Changes 2. Heating Curves

Changes in State II. Changes in State 1. Phase Changes 2. Heating Curves

A. Phase Changes ö Melting w solid to liquid ö Freezing w liquid to

A. Phase Changes ö Melting w solid to liquid ö Freezing w liquid to solid ö melting point = freezing point

A. Phase Changes ö Vaporization (boiling) w liquid to gas at the boiling point

A. Phase Changes ö Vaporization (boiling) w liquid to gas at the boiling point ö Evaporation w liquid to gas below the boiling point ö Condensation w gas to liquid

A. Phase Changes ö Sublimation w solid to gas w EX: dry ice, freeze

A. Phase Changes ö Sublimation w solid to gas w EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

A. Phase Changes

A. Phase Changes

B. Heating Curves ö Kinetic Energy w motion of particles w related to temperature

B. Heating Curves ö Kinetic Energy w motion of particles w related to temperature ö Potential Energy w space between particles w related to phase changes

B. Heating Curves Gas - KE Boiling - PE Liquid - KE Melting -

B. Heating Curves Gas - KE Boiling - PE Liquid - KE Melting - PE Solid - KE

B. Heating Curves ö Heat of Fusion w energy required to change from solid

B. Heating Curves ö Heat of Fusion w energy required to change from solid to liquid w some attractive forces are broken

B. Heating Curves ö Heat of Vaporization w energy required to change from liquid

B. Heating Curves ö Heat of Vaporization w energy required to change from liquid to gas w all attractive forces are broken w EX: steam burns, sweating, and… the drinking bird HEATING CURVE

States of Matter Annimation ö http: //www. footprints- science. co. uk/index. php? module=2&t ype=States%20

States of Matter Annimation ö http: //www. footprints- science. co. uk/index. php? module=2&t ype=States%20 of%20 matter&section= Section 1&info=5