Matter Mixtures Solutions Matter and Energy The Big
Matter Mixtures Solutions
Matter and Energy
The Big Bang
Formation of Matter • • • Big Bang Time, Space, Energy – Light Quarks and Gluons (E=MC 2) 10 -6 seconds Hadrons – Protons, Neutrons 105 years Atoms - Hydrogen, Helium Billions of years – Stars, Heavier Elements, Molecules (Carbon, Oxygen, Water) 1010 years Substances – Our Sun, Earth, Rocks DNA, Proteins Life – Plants , Animals 13, 500, 000 years - Us
Four States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Solid A solid has a definite shape and volume. Examples of solids include ice (solid water), a bar of steel, and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
Liquid A liquid has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container. Examples of liquids include water and oil.
Gas A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Examples of gases are air, oxygen, and helium.
Plasma has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Plasma often is seen in ionized gases. Plasma is distinct from a gas because it possesses unique properties. Free electrical charges (not bound to atoms or ions) cause plasma to be electrically conductive. Plasma may be formed by heating and ionizing a gas. Stars are made of plasma. Lightning is plasma. You can find plasma inside fluorescent lights and neon signs.
Microscopic Properties Different States of Water • Solid: Ice • Liquid: Water • Gas: Water Vapor
Mixtures • Combination of two or more substances in which the individual substances do not lose their physical or chemical properties. • Individual components can be physically separated.
Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these. Homogeneous: of uniform structure or composition throughout
Solution Components Solute: Substance dissolved in a given solution Solvent: Substance that dissolves a solute
Sodium Chloride (Salt) Crystal Water Molecule
Solubility • The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. • Exothermic process: Gives of heat • Endothermic process: Requires heat input
Solubility As A Function of Temperature
Solutions – Separation of Solute from Solvent
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