MATTER ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP

MATTER

ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE

Bill Nye Phases of Matter

SINGLE FACTOR THAT DETERMINES STATE OF MATTER:

PARTICLE MOTION

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER • All matter is made of small particles in constant motion • The higher the temperature the faster the particle motion • At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive particles

What is Matter Video Clip

SOLIDS • Traditional definition: definite volume definite shape • Expands only slightly upon heating • Kinetic theory definition: 3 -D vibratory motion about a fixed point

THERMAL EXPANSION • Almost all matter expands as it gets hotter, and contracts when it gets colder • As a solid is heated-particles begin to move faster and begin vibrating against each other with more force causing the particles to spread apart in ALL directions • The particles do NOT get larger, it is the size of the spaces between the particles that increas

LIQUIDS • Traditional definition: definite volume, no definite shape. Flow and take on shape of its container. • Tend to expand upon heating • Kinetic theory definition: particles undergoing rolling motion seeking lowest possible position

GASES

• Traditional definition: no definite shape no definite volume (takes on shape and volume of container) • Compressible • Kinetic theory definition: high speed, straight line random motion

• FYI: measurements indicate that the average speed of oxygen molecules in air at 20°C is an amazing 1700 km/hr. At these high speeds, the odor molecules from a hot cheese pizza in Washington D. C. should reach Mexico City in about 106 minutes. • Why do they not reach Mexico City?

Random Walk

VAPOR –VS- GAS • Gas-limited to those substances that exist in the gaseous state at ordinary room temperature • Vapor-describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature