Maths symbols I Arithmetic symbols II Plus and

Maths symbols I_ Arithmetic symbols II_ Plus and minus III_ Multiplication IV_ Symbols of Logic V_ Union and Intersection

Time line of mathematics symbols ab for 1460 multiplication a*b for a x b and a ÷ b 1631 by Rahn 1698 + and – (addition and substraction) by Widmann 1544 + and – 165 (signs) and 9 a x b by Oughtred a. b for a x b and a: b for a ÷ b by Leibniz

Arithmetic symbols By Eda Bayrak and Ezgi

Arithmetic Symbols Arithmetic is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations.

Plus and minus By Charlotte and Célia…

+& The plus and minus signs (+ and -) are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations of addition and subtraction.

History Johannes Widmann 1460 -1498 Robert Recorde 1510 -1558 François Viete 1540 -1603

And from these dates, plus and minus are used for all additions and substractions but also for negative and positive numbers. a-b=c -b+a=c

Multiplication By Eda Bayrak and Ezgi Koçal…

Multiplication is the third basic operation of arithmetic. ‘’ a × b or a • b or a * b ‘’ All of them are same meaning.

William Oughtred (1574 – 1660) • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 -1716) Johann Rahn (16221676)

History of Multiplication Methods of multiplication were documented in the Egyptian, Greek, Indian Chinese civilizations.

Symbols of Logic By Münire Büyükgüllü, Sümeyye Nur Azman, Rita Barrocas…

-LOGIC Math's logic is considered the science of reasoning and demonstration. Logic is especially important in mathematics and philosophy, but it is also used on our daily routine without even noticing.

History of Logical Symbols George Boole 1815 -1864

A simple statement is one that does not contain any other statement as a part. We will use the lower -case letters, p, q, r, . . . , as symbols for simple statements. Simple statements : p ‘’p is true’’ ~p ‘’p is false’’ assertion negation Ex. : p: Sun is a star ( T ) ~p: Sun isn’t a star ( F ) In conclusion two denies equals to an affirmation. Ex: ~(~p) = p.

A truth table is a complete list of the possible truth values of a statement. A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus. .

Compounds and connectives :

Union and Intersection By Begüm Sarıdede and Şeyma Edizarslan

George Cantor John Venn 1834 -1923

VENN DIAGRAMS

UNION The union of two sets is the set of elements which are in either set. Examples: {1, 2} ∪ {red, purple} ={1, 2, red, purple} {1, 2, green} ∪ {red, purple, green} ={1, 2, red, purple, green} {1, 2} ∪ {1, 2} = {1, 2} For Example: A=(1, 2, 3) and B=(3, 4, 5) AUB=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

INTERSECTION The intersection of two sets is the set of elements which are in both sets. Examples: {1, 2} ∩ {red, purple} = ∅ {1, 2, green} ∩ {red, purple, green} = {green} {1, 2} ∩ {1, 2} = {1, 2} For Example: A=(1, 2, 3) and B=(3, 4, 5) A∩B=(3)

You can have more information about Arithmetic Symbols in : • Plus and minus made by Charlotte Laurent and Célia Lopes. Bernier • Multiplication and Arithmetics Symbols made by Eda Bayrak and Ezgi Koçal. • Symbol of Logic made by Münire Büyükgüllü, Sümeyye Nur Azman, Rita Barrocas. • Union and intersection by Begüm Sarıdede and Şeyma Edizarslan.