Math Standards NCTM Common Core State Standards for

Math Standards Ø Ø Ø NCTM Common Core State Standards for Math (CCSSM) Needs of Diverse Learners

NCTM Principles & Standards for School Improvement Produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in 2000 to set forth a national vision for precollege mathematics education in the US and Canada. Includes The Equity Principle: "Excellence in mathematics education requires equity--high expectations and strong support for all students" (NCTM, 2000, ). As a result of legislation, the standards movement, and the NCTM principles; changes to the classroom mandate the inclusion of all students in the general education classroom. Teachers need to possess the skills and dispositions to teach a diverse group of students in inclusive settings.

NCTM Content Standards Numbers and Operations Algebra Geometry Measurement Data Analysis and Probability

NCTM Process Standards Problem Solving Reasoning and Proof Communication Connections Representation

NCTM Goals for ALL Students Learn to value mathematics Become confident in their ability to do mathematics Become mathematical problem solvers Learn to communicate mathematically Learn to reason mathematically

6 NCTM principles Equity Curriculum Effective Teaching Problem Solving Continual Assessment Importance of Technology

Curriculum Focal Points (NCTM, 2006) Most critical mathematical topics for each grade in elementary and middle schools Intended to assist teachers in identifying the most critical content for targeted attention. A step in the implementation of the Standards Strongly emphasized the importance of basic arithmetic skills in lower and middle grades Identifies 3 critical areas at each grade level for pre-kindergarten through Grade 8

NAEP Content Strands Number Properties and Operations Geometry Algebra Measurement Data Analysis and Probability

CCSSM Mathematical Practices Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them Reason abstractly and quantitatively Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others Model with mathematics Use appropriate tools strategically Attend to precision Look for and make use of structure Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning

CCSSM Mathematical Practices Describe the skills that should be mastered by students in all grade levels. Combine the NCTM process standards and the National Research Council strands of mathematical proficiency. The standards are organized by conceptual categories rather than grade level for high school. Provide opportunities for high school students to apply mathematical concepts and reasoning to real-life problems. (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010)

Addressing the Needs of Diverse Learners It’s important for teachers to be aware of the learning needs of individual students and groups of learners and meet their varying needs. Teachers may find it necessary to modify their instruction to make it more accessible to students with mathematics disabilities. When assessing curricular materials, teachers should make certain that they contain effective instructional features. Evidence-based features have proven to be effective among students with learning disabilities (LD).