Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology Introductory

Materials Created and Recorded in Digital Technology Introductory Remarks Kazimierz Schmidt (NDAP) Archiwa i nietradycyjne nośniki informacji XI Międzynarodowa Konferencja Archiwalna z cyklu “Colloquia Jerzy Skowronek Dedicata” Toruń, 20 -21 Maja 2005

the end of medium era? • from professional dictionary: „Słownik encyklopedyczny terminologii języków i systemów informacyjnowyszukiwawczych. Red. Bożenna Bojar. Warszawa 1993 s. 35 • „record" - recorded information with recording medium, where it has been recorded”

electronic document imaging medium? file? or what is visible?

example story (motion) to save 16 mm 1” Betacam LTO library to save 1” DLT library ? HDD DVD ?

example story (still image) to save 35 mm HDD CD WORM CD library ?

recording medium description • number, status (original, copy), format (16 mm, 35 mm) type of film base (acetate, polyester) , features (optical soundtrack, magnetic soundtrack, negative image) picture format (4: 3), sound standard (mono, stereo), length in meters, length in minutes, number of boxes, recording date, archiving date, tape producer, additional remarks… very important • number, status (master, copy), format (1”, ½”) type (U-matic, Betacam) , picture format (4: 3), sound standard (mono, stereo), length in minutes, recording date, archiving date, tape producer (Maxwell, Sony), initial timecode, final timecode, additional remarks… less important not important technical metadata are related to content (media file), not to the medium

Video Media-Types 3 gpp [RFC 3839] BMPEG[RFC 3555] BT 656[RFC 3555] Cel. B[RFC 3555] DV[RFC 3189] H 261[RFC 3555] H 263 -1998[RFC 3555] H 263 -2000[RFC 3555] H 264[RFC-ietfavt-rtp-h 264 -11. txt] JPEG[RFC 3555] MJ 2[RFC 3745] MP 1 S[RFC 3555] MP 2 P[RFC 3555] MP 2 T[RFC 3555] MP 4 V-ES[RFC 3016] MPV[RFC 3555] mpeg[RFC 2045, RFC 2046] mpeg 4 generic[RFC 3640] nv[RFC 3555] parityfec[RFC 3009] pointer[RFC 2862] quicktime[Lindner] raw[RFC-ietf-avt-uncomp-video-06. txt] SMPTE 292 M[RFC 3497] … the r ea r en Image Typesth ere ot are med file ium typ Audio Types es e cgm. Computer. Graphics. Metafile[Francis]fits[RFC-allen-fitsmime 00. txt]g 3 fax[RFC 1494]gif[RFC 2045, RFC 2046]ief. Image. Exchange. Format[RFC 1314]jp 2[RFC 3745 ]jpeg[RFC 2045, RFC 2046]jpm[RFC 3745]jpx[RFC 3745]naplps[Ferber]png[Randers. Pehrson]prs. btif[Simon]prs. pti[Laun]t 38[RFC 3362]tiff. Tag. Image. File. Format[RFC 3302]tifffx. Tag. Image. File. Format. Faxe. Xtended[RFC-draft-ietf-fax-tiff-fx-reg-v 201. txt]vnd. cns. inf 2[Mc. Laughlin]vnd. djvu[Bottou]vnd. dwg[Moline]… s 32 kadpcm[RFC 2421, RFC 2422] 3 gpp[RFC 3839] AMR[RFC 3267] AMR-WB[RFC 3267] basic[RFC 2045, RFC 2046] clearmode[RFC-draft-ietf-avt-rtp-clearmode-05. txt] CN[RFC 3389] DAT 12[RFC 3190] dsr-es 201108[RFC 3557] dsr-es 202050[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-03. txt] dsr-es 202211[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs-03. txt] dsr-es 202212[RFC-ietf-avt-rtp-dsr-codecs 03. txt] DVI 4[RFC 3555] EVRC[RFC 3558] EVRC 0[RFC 3558]… http: //www. iana. org/assignments/media-types/

Please imagine. . . • Imagine store for electronic documents (MPEG 7 files) • Why to save, and preserve for years information about carrier? (ie. DVD-R No. 115, matte silver, 120 mm/1, 2 mm, 8 x, 4, 7 GB, ACME Co. , made 2003, recorded in 2004) • I think, it is possible, but… is it necessary? • We are sure that we will move our files if we need to

And now, please imagine. . . • . . . store for physical carriers: shelves full of tapes, film rolls etc. • Do you save, and preserve for years information about shelf? (ie. Shelf No. 115, solid pine wood, 1012 mm: 230 mm, ACME Co. , produced 1967, tape has been put here 1988) • I think, it is possible, but… not necessary • we are sure that we will move our tapes if we need to

Compare information • • DVD-R No. 115, matte silver, 120 mm/1, 2 mm, 8 x, 4, 7 GB, ACME Co. , made 2003, recorded in 2004 • • shelf No. 115, pine wood, shelf 1012 mm: 230 mm, 6 shelfs in unit ACME Co. , made in 1967, tape has been put here in 1988

• There is no difference: – If I move paper records or analogue tapes from one shelf to another, I will not change the content – If I move computer files form one carrier to another, I will not change the content either

is i ta movie files (to network) Mass storage schema robot sto re or is i (3 for 2 1 t 0 o TB ca ne G 000 (te pac XX B ev 0 DL rab ity XL er T y yte me ca ) tap s) o as rri e s , u r P re er w B ( d in ith pet aby Drives for tapes ttoesnetwork )

Mass storage = a bit larger carrier • I do not care where (in particular DLT tapes) my footage has been recorded • If DLT tape breaks down my only one activity is to replaced it by a good one. The system will re-record it automatically • After some years I will copy or export to new format my media files. I will do the same with old DLT tapes, what I will do with this computer hard disk…

temporary storing place • We’ve spent a lot of time for recognizing and recording information about carrier • it was very important in XXth century, nowadays carrier for digital media files (see www. iana. org/assignments/mediatypes/) plays the same role as shelf for analogue audio/video tapes – it is a temporary storing place

ISAD(G)II fond level - example • • • 3. 1. 1 Reference code(s) CA OTY F 0453 3. 1. 2 Title John Smith fonds 3. 1. 3 Date(s) 1951 -1994 3. 1. 4 Level of description Fonds 3. 1. 5 Extent and medium of the unit of description (quantity, bulk, or size) - 4. 8 m of textual records. – 202 videocassette tapes. – 3 audio cassette tapes. – 3 boxes of graphic materials. • 3. 2. 1 Name of creator(s) Smith, John, 1943 -

ISAD(G)II dokument level (here document=videocasete=carrier) • 3. 1. 1 Reference code(s) CA OTY F 0453 S 1014. 1 3. 1. 2 Title The Boys of St. Vincent [videorecording] 3. 2. 1 Name of creator(s) Les Productions T l -Action Inc. in co-production with the National Film Board of Canada, in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Producers). Canada : Productions T l -Action, Inc. 3. 1. 5 Extent and medium of the unit of description (quantity, bulk, or size) 1 videocassette (92 min. ) : sd. , col. ; 2 in.

• ISAD(G)II Co dokument level - continuation m pa 3. 3. 1 Scope re and content Performers: Henry Czerny, Brian de Dooley, Philip Dinn, Johnny Morina. – Directed sc by John N. Smith ; director of rip Letarte ; edited by Werner photography, Pierre tio Nold. – VHS. n hearing impaired. – Closed-captioned for the froof the emotional and Item is a fictional account m by boys in a sexual humiliation experienced Newfoundland orphanage runtvby the All Saints g ui Brothers. Tells the story of ten-year-old Kevin who rebels against the authoritariande rule. 3. 7. 3 Date(s) of descriptions August 8, . c 1999 om

when somebody says. . . • . . . video has been saved on CD (ca 100 copies) and will be distributed by the authors self in May (HYPER-FILM Video Hyper-Media Production Project Number IST-1999 -20306) • This pack has been saved on CD for you to simply print and use (http: //teachingsheets. co. uk KS 1 Science Pack 1 CD-SCI-K 1) • Developed negative may be saved on CD (in every photo service) • With COOLPIX Remote Control, images taken remotely can be saved directly to the computer's hard disk drive; there is no need for concern about changing the camera’s Compact. Flash memory card during remote shooting (from Picture. Project COOLPIX Remote Control)

file format What iscarrier more vs. useful nformation? carrier • I saved my photos on Secure. Digital memory th cards is f • I savedothis r to dahard presentation on disk, CD-R, and y Compact Flash Card • I saved all my articles on DVD-R computer file • I saved my photos in JPEG format • I saved this thi presentation in s f Office ppt Microsoft o r fu file and in Open. Office tur sxi files e • I saved all my articles in Adobe PDF files.

why information about file format • In 1992 I saved all my texts on 5, 25” floppy disks in Edytor Tekstu TAG files *. tag • First or last I have to move my articles to another carrier (I did!), but I can save the same file (*. tag) • I transfered my *. tag files to Microsoft Word 2. 0 *. doc files in 1995 • Information about previous carriers are not so important (it has no influence on the content), like information about previous file formats…

why information about file format • There are no difference: – If I move paper records or analogue tapes from one shelf to another I will not change the content – If I move computer files form one carrier to another I will not change the content either • But, if I change file format, I will probably do the same like change paper to scan

conclusions • in digital world carrier is not important • carrier-oriented attitude has to be changed to content-oriented • rather add temporary information about carrier(s) to content, than otherwise • does content-oriented mean file-oriented?

if carrier is not important. . . probably file?

preserve media files in native format? • Is it possible to save it for 100 years? • I do not think so… • … it is subject for another presentation

Three types of information • Temporary about carrier or computer file leave it engine – Number or name, status, carrier format or file type, sound standard, duration, recording date, archiving date, tape producer, timecodes etc. ers • Permanent about content ta s k f o r c resubject, atorscoverage, – title, creators, performers, production date, producer etc. • Accumulative about using f o r u s ers rights etc. – broadcasting dates, ratings,

why for engineers? • RFC 3640 Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams November 2003 For example: m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96 a=rtpmap: 96 mpeg 4 generic/16000/1 a=fmtp: 96 streamtype=5; profile -level-id=14; mode=CELP-cbr; config= 440 E 00; constant. Size=27; constant. Duration=240 • APTN Connect is fully compliant with applicable MPEG, and analogue video specifications including, if applicable, MPEG 4. 2. 0/4. 2. 2 and RS-250 B. Our MPEGII service offering meets ETR 290 specifications

What should be left for archivists? Nothing…? Obviously not, but rather organize information than produce it take description instead of prepare description

My advice for born-digital • Concentrate on permanent information about content • Leave technical problems (medium, file) for computer professionals • Think about close cooperation with creators – give them useful software tools to collect, during creation, as much information as possible • The aim: Limit to minimum operations after transfer to archive

Thank you for your attention kschmidt@archiwa. gov. pl or schmidt@webmedia. pl