Material Flow Analysis Naomi Radke seecon international Gmb

Material Flow Analysis Naomi Radke, seecon international Gmb. H Material Flow Analysis

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Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info Contents 1. What is Material Flow Analysis (MFA)? 2. How to use MFA for SSWM 3. Applicability 4. Advantages and Disadvantages 5. References Material Flow Analysis 3

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 1. What is Material Flow Analysis (MFA)? Quantification and assessment of. . . matter (in SSWM: water, food, excreta, wastewater, . . . ) and substances (nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, . . . ) mass flows (primary natural resources) in a (human) system (city, country, . . . ) during a defined period. Material Flow Analysis 4

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 1. What is Material Flow Analysis (MFA)? MFA contains the following main steps: 1. Identification of the relevant material flows 2. System analysis (selection of the relevant matter, processes**, indicator substances* and system boundaries) 3. Quantification of mass flows of matter and indicator substances* 4. Identification of weak points in the system 5. Development and evaluation of scenarios and schematic representation, interpretation of the results *Indicator substances for MFA in SSWM are generally: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C or CO 2), NH 3 ** Processes: transformation, transport or storage of substances (for SSWM: households, wastewater treatment plants, agricultural soils) Material Flow Analysis 5

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 1. What is Material Flow Analysis (MFA)? Example of a System Analysis (Step 2 of MFA) Boxes designate processes, arrows represent the flows of (matter or substance) mass within a system. Source: FORSTER et al. (2003) Material Flow Analysis 6

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 1. What is Material Flow Analysis (MFA)? Why doing a MFA? • To optimise your local SSWM system: • Identifying problems and quantifying the impact of potential measures on resource recovery and environmental pollution • Comparing different sanitation technology options regarding their environmental and financial impact Example: Pour-flush toilet or Arborloo? Two sanitation technologies that differ in material flows and possible in environmental impact (where are nutrients from excreta transported to? ) Material Flow Analysis 7

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 2. How to Use MFA for SSWM? Example of MFA for nitrogen at household-level (1/3) Step 1: Identifying the relevant material flow • Relevant goods in SSWM: inputs and outputs to and from the household (food, excreta, blackwater, greywater, organic solid waste) • Relevant material flows in SSWM: Phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon (energy or calorific values), etc. • Relevant processes in SSWM: Households (food and water consumption, digestion, kitchen wastes) and on-site sanitation system Material Flow Analysis 8

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 2. How to Use MFA for SSWM? Example of MFA for nitrogen at household-level (2/3) Step 2: System Analysis: Nitrogen (N)-containing goods are transformed in these 2 processes. 3. Leaving human organism as excreta 2. digestion Example of system boundaries at the household-level. “I” is import, “E” is export. Source: YIOUGO (2010) Material Flow Analysis 1. N enters the human organism as food 9

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 2. How to Use MFA for SSWM? Example of MFA for nitrogen at household-level (3/3) Step 3: Quantifying good and substance flows in the system • Good = Substance or mixture of substances e. g. Food or solid waste • N flow in excreta = kg excreta/capita/day * N concentration in excreta • Source data: Literature, estimations, measurements, calculations Material Flow Analysis 10

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 2. How to Use MFA for SSWM? Example of MFA for nitrogen at household-level (3/3) Step 4+5: Graphing and interpreting the data • Graph: Open-source software STAN can be used for graphic representation MFA with graphic representation of mass of goods flows. Units can show mass in t/year or t/capita/year. Nitrogen masses can be calculated from mass of goods Source: YIOUGO (2010) Material Flow Analysis 11

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 3. Applicability MFA can be used for: • Environmental impact assessments • Development of environmental policy for hazardous substances • Nutrient management in watersheds • Waste management • Evaluating the environmental soundness of sanitation options by calculating and comparing the quantity of nitrogen or phosphorus within the city for each option • Sanitation planning: Choosing the best options which do not pollute groundwater, surface water and allow for nutrient recycling Material Flow Analysis 12

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 4. Advantages and Disadvantages MFA applied to SSWM Advantages: • Allows critical view of sanitation/water management • Helps to evaluate the environmental soundness of sanitation options • Can be used as a decision tool to choose sustainable sanitation technology • Ideal technical basis for planning and decision making • In developing countries, proven suitable for early detection of environmental problems Material Flow Analysis Disadvantages: • Needs a lot of data to be implemented • Limited reliable data available in developing countries • There is a need to deal with uncertainties 13

Find this presentation and more on www. sswm. info 6. References FORSTER, D. ; SCHERTENLEIB, R. ; BELEVI, H. (2003): Linking Urban Agriculture and Environmental Sanitation. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science (EAWAG). URL: http: //www. susana. org/lang-en/library? view=ccbktypeitem&type=2&id=327 [Accessed: 16. 10. 2013] Material Flow Analysis 14

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: Material Flow Analysis 15