Materi Kuliah AGRIBISNIS SAPI PERAH Seri Bahasan Pakan

Materi Kuliah: AGRIBISNIS SAPI PERAH Seri Bahasan Pakan Ternak Oleh: Prof. Ir. Hendrawan Soetanto M. Rur. Sc. , Ph. D. Laboratorium Nutrisi Ruminansia Fakultas Peternakan – Universitas Brawijaya

Tujuan Instruksional Agribisnis Sapi Perah : A Highlight Peran Pakan Dalam Produksi Sapi Perah Struktur Perkuliahan Aspek Teknis Pakan

• Umum : 1. Memberikan wawasan dasar-dasar pengetahuan tentang peran pakan dalam agribisnis sapi perah 2. Memberikan kemampuan mahasiswa untuk mengenali dan melakukan analisis tentang kebutuhan pakan bagi sapi perah . Khusus : 1. Mahasiswa mampu mengenali jenis-jenis pakan ternak sesuai dengan potensi di daerah 2. Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan tentang aspek teknis pakan ternak dalam kegiatan agribisnis sapi perah TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL

Peran Pakan Bagi Sapi Perah

Nutrisi Sapi Perah (Dairy Cow Nutrition) Pemberian Pakan Sapi Perah Pada Stadia Fisiologis Yang Berbeda (Feeding ruminant animals at different life stages) Adaptasi dari Julie Toth

Stadia Fisiologis Sapi Perah l l l Calf (Pedet) Heifer (Dara) Dry Cow (Sapi Kering) Close-up Cow (Menjelang Partus) Lactating Cow (Sapi Laktasi)

Digestive Tract of Ruminant Animals l l l Abomasum Omasum Rumen Reticulum Cattle, Sheep, Goats, etc

Digestive system

Nutrisi Pedet (Calf Nutrition) l l Pedet terlahir sebagai hewan monogastrik (lambung sederhana) Abomasum berperan sebagai alat pencernaan utama sehingga pakan harus mudah dicerna (kaya akan protein tercerna, enersi, vitamin dan mineral)

Nutrisi Pedet (Calf Nutrition) l l Enersi merupakan nutrisi terpenting bagi pedet pada usia 2 minggupertama karena pedet belum mampu mencerna pati, gula atau asam lemak tak jenuh. Colostrum diberikan sebagai pakan pertama untuk memasok kebutuhan protein, mineral, immunoglobulins, dan antibodi. Selain itu juga melindungi dinding saluran pencernaan dari penyakit.

Calf Nutrition l l Grains (Dry Matter) stimulate production of VFAs in rumen (acetic, propionic, butyric) Digestive system develops from 2 weeks until 4 -6 months and calf evolves into ruminant Abomasum changes from 60% to 8% Rumen changes from 20% to 80%

Heifer Nutrition l l l Nutrition is important at this time because reproduction depends on sound, healthy animals. If underfed, diseased or have parasites then puberty is delayed. Low energy will lead to ovarian inactivity. Low protein will cause irregular or silent heats. 30 -40% of adult weight at breeding age (13 -15 months)

Heifer Nutrition l l Pasture is a good choice of forage (high energy and less expensive) 3 lbs concentrate/ day 12% crude protein, 15% crude fiber and. 41% Calcium at 6 months, . 29% Calcium at 12 months Final 3 months of pregnancy heifer will need extra nutrients for developing calf

Dry Cow Nutrition l l l Low energy diet (less expensive) Pasture often used Important for successful lactation to follow Restore body energy and nutrient reserves Want to maintain 3+ to 4 - body condition score

Close-up cows l l Move cows and heifers to close-up pen at 2 weeks before calving High dry matter intake to gain nutrients for cow and calf to reduce metabolic problems

Close-up Cows Low energy with adequate levels of minerals vitamines and protein and watch forage levels (<50% DM) l Decrease metabolic problems and maintain condition while not lactating Decrease Calcium to begin to use stored Ca to prepare for lactation changes l

Lactating Cows l l l Highest energy diet (most expensive) Supports not only growth, reproduction and maintenance but also production Free feed at all times to increase and support production

Dairy Cow Nutrition l Cow nutrition is important in order to be profitable in the dairy industry from growth of the calves through milk production in lactating cows.