MATERI 7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI MISBAHUDDIN AZZUHRI
MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI MISBAHUDDIN AZZUHRI SE. MM. CPHR®. CSRS®. 081 555 80 8899 081 233 72 8899 dinoazzuhri@live. com misbachazzuhri@gmail. com
Learning Objectives MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI To understand the human process interventions aimed at individuals, interpersonal relations, and group dynamics To understand the application and effectiveness of various process interventions in producing change To understand three types of system-wide, human process interventions: the organization confrontation meeting, intergroup relations interventions, and large-group interventions To review and understand the effectiveness of these interventions in producing change
Process Interventions MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI A set of activities on the part of the consultant that helps individuals and group members understand, diagnose, and improve their behaviors. Interventions are aimed at helping individuals develop skills, and members of groups assess their interactions and devise more effective ways of working.
Coaching Individual, Interpersonal and Group Process Approaches Training and Development Process Consultation Third-Party Interventions Team Building MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Goals • Assist in execution of a transition • Address a performance problem • Develop new behavioral skills with leadership development Coaching Application Stages • • • MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Establish the principles of the relationship Conduct an assessment Coach and client debrief the results Develop and Implement an action plan Assess the results
Goals Training and Development • Changing the skills and knowledge of organization members to improve effectiveness and build capabilities Application Stages • Perform needs assessment • Develop objectives and design training • Deliver training • Evaluate training MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Process Consultation MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Definitions • The creation of a relationship that permits the client to perceive, understand, and act on the process events…” • An approach that helps people and groups help themselves Group Process Issues Addressed by Process Consultation • Communications • The functional roles of group members • Group problem solving and decision making • Group norms • Leadership and authority
Basic Process Intervention MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Individual Interventions Group Interventions • Aimed at helping people better communicate with others • Johari Window • Aimed at the process, content or structure of the group
Unknown to Others Hidden Spot Known to Others Open Window Known to Self Blind Spot Unknown to Self Johari Window Unknown Window MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Unknown to Others Improving Communications Using the Johari Window MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Reduce Hidden Area through Disclosure to Others Known to Others Open Window Known to Self Reduce Blind Spot through Feedback from Others Unknown to Self
Activities that focus on interpersonal conflicts within the organization Third Party Interventions MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Interventions help involved parties interact with each other directly, facilitating diagnosis of the conflict and its resolution
Behavior A Cyclical Model of Conflict Triggering Event Issues Triggering Event Consequences Episode 1 MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Behavior Issues Consequences Episode 2
Strategies for Conflict Resolution MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Prevent the conflict through mandate or separation of the parties Set limits on the timing and extent of the conflict Help the parties to cope differently with the conflict Attempt to eliminate or resolve the basic issues in the conflict
Team Building Activities MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Activities Related to One or More Individuals Activities Oriented to the Group’s Operations and Behaviors Activities Affecting the Group’s Relationship with the Rest of the Organizatio
Types of Teams MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Groups reporting to the same manager Groups involving people with common goals Temporary groups formed to accomplish a specific, one-time task Groups consisting of people whose work roles are interdependent Groups with no formal links but whose collective purpose requires coordination
Determine the Intervention Target • One or more individuals • A group’s operation and behavior • A group’s relationships with the rest of the organization Determine the Intervention Orientation Team Building Activities • Diagnostic • Developmental Group Operation and Behavior • An inward look by the team at its own performance, behavior and culture for the purpose of improving effectiveness Group Relationships with the Organization • Understand the group’s role within the organization including interaction, support, and collaboration Manager’s Role MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Organization Confrontation Meeting MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI The confrontation meeting is an intervention designed to mobilize the resources of the entire organization to identify problems, set priorities and action targets and begin working on identified problems.
Schedule the Meeting Create a master list Create groups representing multiple perspectives Confrontation Meeting Process Set ground rules Groups identify problems and opportunities Report out to the large group MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Form problem-solving groups Rank the issues and opportunities, develop an action plan, specify timetable Provide periodic reports to large group
Intergroup Relations Intervention MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI The quality of group relationships in an organization can affect how well the organization performs Two major interventions Microcosm Groups Resolving Intergroup Conflict
Microcosm Groups MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Small groups that solve problems in the larger system Small group member characteristics must reflect the issue being addressed (e. g. , if addressing diversity, group must be diverse) Primary mechanism for change is “parallel processes”
Identify an issue Microcosm Group Process MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Convene the microcosm group Dissolve the group Provide group training Address the issue in the group
Groups and consultant convene to address issues Groups are asked to address three questions Resolving Intergroup Conflict What qualities/attributes best describe our group? What qualities/attributes best describe their group? How do we think the other group will describe us? Groups exchange and clarify answers Groups analyze the discrepancies and work to understand their contribution to the perceptions Groups discuss discrepancies and contributions Groups work to develop action plans on key areas MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Large Group Interventions Focus on issues affecting the whole organization or large segments of it, such as developing new products or services, responding to environmental change or introducing new technology Various Change Programs Future Search Conference (Weisbord) Open-Space Meeting (Owen) Open System Planning (Beckhard) MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Large-Group Meeting Assumptions MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI Organization members’ perceptions play a major role in environmental relations. Organization members must share a common view of the environment to permit coordinated action toward it. Organization members’ perceptions must accurately reflect the condition of the environment if organizational responses are to be effective. Organizations cannot only adapt to their environment but also proactively create it.
Preparing for the large-group meeting Large-Group Method Application Stages • Identify a compelling meeting theme • Select appropriate stakeholders to participate • Develop relevant tasks to address meeting theme Conducting the meeting • Open Systems Methods • Open Space Methods Following up on the meeting outcomes MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Map the current environment facing the organization. Assess the organization’s responses to the environmental expectations. Open-Systems Methods Identify the core mission of the organization. Create a realistic future scenario of environmental expectations and organization responses. Create an ideal future scenario of environmental expectations and organization responses. Compare the present with the ideal future and prepare an action plan for reducing the discrepancy. MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
Set the conditions for self-organizing Announce theme of the session Establish norms for the meetings Open-Space Methods The “Law of Two Feet. ” The “Four Principles. ” “Whoever comes is the right people. ” “Whatever happens is the only thing that could have. ” “Whenever it starts is the right time. ” “When it is over, it is over. ” Participants create the agenda Coordinate activity through information postings MATERI #7 INTERVENSI INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI
NEXT | UTS MISBAHUDDIN AZZUHRI SE. MM. CPHR®. CSRS®.
2 ND QUIZ • Who should be involved in the action planning process and why? • While included in one level of intervention or another, several of the interventions could actually fit more than one level. Which interventions do you think could have been included in a different level of intervention and why? • Which interventions do you think are most likely to have an impact on the whole organization? Why? • Which of the interventions do you believe would be the easiest? Why? • Which of the interventions do you believe would be the most difficult? Why? MATERI #7
- Slides: 29