MASTICATORY MUSCLES n V 3 n MANDIBULARIS derivates

MASTICATORY MUSCLES • n. V 3 – n. MANDIBULARIS • derivates of 1 st pharyngeal arch • • m. temporalis m. masseter m. pterygoideus medialis m. pterygoideus lateralis

Lower jaw movements • elevation (elevatio) • depression (depressio) • protraction / propulsion (protractio / propulsio) • retraction / retropulsion (retractio / retropulsio) • lateropulsion (lateropulsio)

m. temporalis m. masseter

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m. pterygoideus lateralis m. pterygoideus medialis

m. pterygoideus lateralis m. pterygoideus medialis

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Mandibular sling • fibrous sling below angulus mandibulae • connection of m. masseter and m. pterygoideus medialis

FACIAL MUSCLES • n. VII – n. FACIALIS • derivates of 2 nd pharyngeal arch • • • muscles around the eye muscles around the nose muscles around the mouth muscles of the cranial vault muscles of the auricle m. buccinator

Muscles around the eye • m. orbicularis oculi • pars palpebralis • pars profunda (former pars lacrimalis) • pars orbitalis • m. procerus • m. corrugator supercilii • m. depressor supercilii Muslces around the nose • m. nasalis • pars alaris • pars transversa • m. depressor septi nasi

Muscles around the mouth modiolus anguli oris • m. orbicularis oris • pars marginalis • pars labialis • m. levator labii superioris • m. levator l. s. alaeque nasi • m. depressor labii inferioris • m. levator anguli oris • m. depressor anguli oris • m. zygomaticus major • m. zygomaticus minor • m. risorius • m. mentalis • m transversus menti

Modiolus anguli oris • fibro-muscular node connecting the insertions of facial muscles • serve as the „hub“ and forms a dimple on the cheek

Galea aponeurotica Epicranial sponeurosis • tough aponeurosis covering the vertex of skull

Scalpation

Subgalear hematoma

Muslces of the cranial vault = m. epicranius • m. occipitofrontalis • venter occipitalis • m. temporoparietalis Galea aponeurotica = Aponeurosis epicranialis Muscles of the auricle • m. auricularis anterior • m. auricularis superior • m. auricularis posterior • rudimentary muscle of auricle (7)

m. buccinator

Musculus buccinator • ductus parotideus Stenoni • corpus adiposum buccae Bichati • lateral wall of oral cavity • testing movements of n. facialis

Fasciae of head • • • fascia temporalis fascia parotidea fascia masseterica fascia buccopharyngea lamina interpterygoidea corpus adiposum buccae Bichati

Corpus adiposum buccae Bichati

Superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) continuous fibro-musuclar layer connecting the facial muscles and filling spaces between and around them

Motor somite cranial nerves • preotic myotomes (somitomeres) form the external muscles of eyeball – n. III, IV, VI • occipital somites from the muscles of tongue – n. XII

External muscles of eyeball • mm. recti – superior, inferior, medialis, lateralis • mm. obliqui – inferior, superior • m. levator palpebrae superioris • inervace: n. III, n. IV, n. VI • smooth muscles: m. orbitalis Mülleri, m. tarsalis sup. Mülleri + inf.

External muscles of eyeball

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Movements of eyeball

Anulus tendineus communis Zinni inside: • n. III • n. VI • n. nasociliaris • n. II + AO outside: • n. IV • n. frontalis • n. lacrimalis • v. ophthalmica superior

MUSLCES OF THE NECK

Os hyoideum • corpus • cornua majora • cornua minora

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Muscles of neck • • • platysma – n. VII m. sternocleidomastoideus – n. XI + C 2 -4 mm. infrahyoidei – ansa cervicalis profunda mm. suprahyoidei – V 3, VII. , C 1 mm. scaleni – nn. spinales (C 1 -C 8) deep muscles of neck – nn. spinales (C 1 -C 6)

Platysma • superficial (skin) muscle • external to lamina spf. fasciae cervicalis • absent in the midline • insertion: pars labilais, modiolaris et mandibularis • n. VII (r. colli) • function: skin tension

Krční řasa – Pterygium colli Turners‘ sy

M. sternocleidomastoideus • origin: 2 parts – pars sternali et clavicularis – fossa supraclavicularis minor (projection of cupula pleurae) • úpon: processus mastoideus + linea nuchalis superior – n. XI + fibers from C 2 -4 – movements in articulatio atlantooccipitalis

M. sternocleidomastoideus function bilateral: 1. posterior part – retroflexion 2. anterior part – anteflexion unilateral: 1. lateroflexion to the same side 2. rotation to the opposite side

Musculi infrahyoidei • • m. sternohyoideus m. sternothyroideus m. thyrohyoideus – C 1 m. omohyoideus – venter superior + inferior • innervation: ansa cervicalis profunda C 1 -C 3 • function: stabilization of larynx

Torticollis

Musculi suprahyoidei derivates of 2 nd pharyngeal arch – n. VII • m. stylohyoideus • m. digatricus – venter posterior derivates of 1 st pharyngeal arch – n. V 3 • m. mylohyoideus • m. digatricus – venter anterior derivates of cervical somites: • m. geniohyoideus – C 1 • function: stabilization of larynx (phonation)

Musculi scaleni • m. scalenus anterior – C 4 -6 • m. scalenus medius – C 3 -8 • m. scalenus posterior – C 7 -8 • fissura scalenorum • skalenic syndrome • anaeshetic block of plexus brachialis

Deep cervical muscles • • m. longus capitis – C 1 -3 m. longus colli – C 2 -6 m. rectus capitis anterior – C 1 m. rectus capitis lateralis – C 1 • movements of head and cervical vertebral column

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Triangles of neck • regio colli anterior – trigonum submandibulare – trigonum submentale – trigonum caroticum Malgaignei – trigonum omotracheale = musculare • regio colli lateralis – trigonum omoclaviculare – trigonum omotrapezium – fossa supraclavicularis minor – fissura scalenorum – trigonum scalenovertebrale

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FASCIA CERVICALIS – 3 layers • lamina superficialis • lamina pretrachealis – vagina carotica • lamina prevertebralis

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Spaces in neck • spatium previscerale • spatium paraviscerale • spacium retroviscerale continuous with: • cranially: spatium parapharyngeum spatium retropharyngeum • caudally: spatium suprasternale mediastinum superius

Spaces in neck

Septum styloideum („bunch of Riolan“) muscular septum covered with fasciae divides the cranial part of spatium parapharyngeum into the spatium prestyloidem + retrostyloideum terminates appeoximately at the level of a line between the processus styloideus and cornu majus ossis hyoidei • • • m. stylophyrangeus m. styloglossus m. stylohyoideus + lig. stylohyoideum venter posterior m. digastrici m. sternocleidomastoideus