Master ENS 2004 ORegan Master ENS 2004 ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

la nature des sensations • sentir des choses différentes – dans une modalité sensorielle – dans différentes modalités • sentir plutôt que rien sentir Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Le problème de la conscience phénoménale Actions Sensory inputs Brain mechanisms Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan Sensations

Sentir = exercer une habilité sensorimotrice Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Sentir = exercer une habilité sensorimotrice Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

vision classique le cerveau génère les sensations nouvelle vision le cerveau génère savoir et actions Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

la nature des sensations • sentir des choses différentes – dans une modalité sensorielle – dans différentes modalités • sentir plutôt que rien sentir Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Sensorimotor Contingencies (D. M. Mac. Kay, 1956) sensory input = f ( action ) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Feeling Softness knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of softness are currently being obeyed. Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Seeing Red knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of red are currently being obeyed. Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

“Red” is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Non-uniformity of color sampling Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker (Françoise Vitu & Denis Lancelin) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Aline Bompas with split-field glasses Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Previous efforts • • Kohler 1951 Mc Collough 1965 Harrington 1965 Leppman & Wieland, 1966 Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan + +

Forced choice more yellow-ish more blue-ish Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Judging white after removing glasses % responses “blue” color Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

la nature des sensations • sentir des choses différentes – dans une modalité sensorielle – dans différentes modalités • sentir plutôt que rien sentir Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Intermodal differences SEEING blink: move forward: turn sideways: cover ears: big change expanding flow shifting flow HEARING no change increasing amplitude asynchrony nothing big change cover eyes: big change nothing Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Tactile Visual Sensory Substitution Bach y Rita (1972; 1984) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

testing P. Meijer’s “The v. OICe” (M. Auvray) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Audio-Tactile Substitution Aline Bompas, Kevin O’Regan right microphone left microphone isolating head phones Vibrator on right leg Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan Vibrator on left leg

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Botvinick & Cohen, 1998 Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Seeing Straightness knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of straightness are currently being obeyed. Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Cortex Retina Visual field Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

What is a sensorimotor law? S = f(M) INTRINSIC way of describing relation which is independent of the code (Differential geometry, Lie Groups) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003 Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003 Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

la nature des sensations • sentir des choses différentes – dans une modalité sensorielle – dans différentes modalités • sentir plutôt que rien sentir Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Why is sensory experience different from other mental phenomena? Corporality/Bodiliness – tight link to body motions Alerting capacity/Grabbiness – transients incontrovertibly grab attention Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Corporality/Bodiliness if voluntary motions systematically affect input e. g. visual, auditory, etc. also: proprioception not: autonomic sensory pathways Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Alerting Capacity/Grabbiness capacity to peremptorily interfere with cognitive processing (can cause exogenous attentional capture) e. g. visual, auditory pathways, etc. not: vestibular, proprioceptive, autonomic sensory pathways Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Remembering Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Seeing Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

"raw feel" Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

"raw feel" Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

alerting capacity INCREASING SENSORY FEEL pain vision, hearing obsession, worry touch, smell embarassment fear love happiness loneliness thought, memory richness vestibular sense driving proprioception corporality Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

The experience of softness E. Myin EXERCISING A SKILL ! Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

The experience of softness E. Myin COGNITIVELY ENGAGING IN EXERCISING A SKILL ! Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Having an experience cognitively engaging in: different qualities the exercise of a skill thinking, remembering motor skills: bodiliness perceiving: bodiliness & grabbiness Sensory Quality Phenomenality Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness J. K. O’Regan & A. Noë Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001 http: //nivea. psycho. univ-paris 5. fr Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

La conscience phénoménale en une phrase Avoir une sensation (perceptive) = être en train d ’accéder au savoir qu ’on exerce actuellement une habilité sensorimotrice d ’un type spécifique spécificités des habilités sensorimotrices perceptives: monde comme source d ’informations (mémoire externe) corporalité capacité d ’alerte Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Mystères de la conscience phénoménale Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Ressources Transparents du cours et autres infos: http: //nivea. psycho. univ -paris 5. fr Articles en ligne sur la conscience: http: //www. u. arizona. edu/~chalmers/online. html PSYCHE http: //psyche. cs. monash. edu. au/ JCS http: //www. imprint. co. uk/ Abstracts de conférences régulières: ASSC http: //www. assc. caltech. edu/ Tucson (Toward a Science of Consciousness) http: //www. consciousness. arizona. edu/tucson/index. html Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Quelques suggestions d’articles 1 !! = contraire de mon approche; * = compatible mais n’expliquant pas la P -conscience très neuro: * Moshe Bar & Irving Biederman, Localizing the cortical region mediating visual awareness of object identity (awareness area) * Nancy Kanwisher, Neural events and perceptual awareness (review on NCC) !! Christof Koch (NCC) !! Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, & Christof Koch (Single neuron awareness) Erik D. Lumer *and Geraint Rees (Awareness and rivalry) Lumer, Friston & Rees (aware percepts in rivalry) Maknik & haglund (optical images correlate with percept not with input) Sahraie, L. Weiskrantz, J. L. Barbur, et al (aware and unaware areas in blindsight) D. L. Sheinberg & N. Logothetis (aware vs unaware neurons in rivalry) !! R. Srinivasan, D. P. Russell, G. M. Edelman, & G. Tononi !! G. Tononi, R. Srinivasan, D. P. Russell, & G. M. Edelman (awareness in large numbers of synchronous neurons) !! S. Zeki, S. Aglioti, D. Mc. Keefry, & G. Berlucchi (V 1 -V 2 wavelength; V 4 color constancy) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Quelques suggestions d’articles 2 plutôt psycho ou philo: * Bernard Baars (comparison of aware and aware states) ** Chalmers (phil discussion of NCC: good!) !! Churchland (misguided hope in neural hypotheses) !! Cotterill (master module) !! Crick & Koch (time for NCC!) !! Eccles (presynaptic vesicular grids of the boutons ) ? Hernegger (how brain generates sensations? Interesting? ) ** Hurley & Noë (cortical dominance and deference) Rees, Kreiman & Koch (review on NCC) !! John Smythies (biochemical basis of coma) ** Ruediger Vaas, (Why neural correlates of consciousness are fine, but not enough (seems good!) * Baars (global workspace article) * Myles Bogner, Uma Ramamurthy, & Stan Franklin, Consciousness and conceptual learning in a socially situated agent (seems interesting!) !! Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg, and Jean-Pierre Changeux !! Stevan Harnad Consciousness: An afterthought (an attempt to account for P-consc. Interesting? ) !* Anthony Jack & Tim Shallice, Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness (doesnt explain P-consc? ) !!!! Steven Lehar, Gestalt isomorphism (mystical? ) * Don Mathis & Michael Mozer (temporally stable computational states…) * Josh Mc. Dermott, Global workspace theory: Consciousness explained? (interesting critique of Baars) ? ? George Mc. Kee, The engine of awareness: Autonomous synchronous representations (somehow time provides qualia…) Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan

Sensory consciousness http: //nivea. psycho. univ-paris 5. fr Sensory Quality J. K. O’Regan & A. Noë, A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001 Phenomenality Corporality/Alerting Capacity (bodiliness/grabbiness) J. K. O’Regan, E. Myin & A. Noë, Towards an analytic phenomenology (in press) Mathematics: Inferring Space D. Philipona, J. K. O’Regan, J. -P. Nadal, Is there anything out there? Inferring space from sensorimotor dependencies. Neural Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan