Mass Movements Wind and Glaciers Chapter 8 Notes

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Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers Chapter 8 Notes

Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers Chapter 8 Notes

Mass Movement…. • What factors determine how fast you go down a waterslide?

Mass Movement…. • What factors determine how fast you go down a waterslide?

Mass Movement: Changing the Landscape • Definition: Movement of soil and rock downslope due

Mass Movement: Changing the Landscape • Definition: Movement of soil and rock downslope due to gravity • All mass movements occur on slopes (i. e. almost everywhere) • Can be subtle (creep) or catastrophic (landslide) and everything in between • Range in size from small sediment to large boulders

Factors that influence mass movement • • • Climate Composition of the earth material

Factors that influence mass movement • • • Climate Composition of the earth material Weight of the material Friction Triggers (an earthquake, for example) Water/rainfall: increases weight and decreases friction

Types of Mass Movements • Creep – Solifluction (permafrost) • Flows • Slides •

Types of Mass Movements • Creep – Solifluction (permafrost) • Flows • Slides • Slumps • Falls

Examples of Mass Movement Creep Slump Note the curved crescent shape at the top

Examples of Mass Movement Creep Slump Note the curved crescent shape at the top of the slump.

Examples of Mass Movement Flows Slides lahar

Examples of Mass Movement Flows Slides lahar

Examples of Mass Movement Avalanche Falls

Examples of Mass Movement Avalanche Falls

Wind Erosion • Moving air can transport sediment – Suspension – Saltation (bouncing motion

Wind Erosion • Moving air can transport sediment – Suspension – Saltation (bouncing motion of sand particles) • Precipitation limits wind erosion: – Precipitation promotes plant growth that anchors sediment – Moist soil is not carried as easily by wind

Dust Bowl: Great Plains 1930 s

Dust Bowl: Great Plains 1930 s

Wind Erosion and Transport Abrasion Deflation Desert pavement

Wind Erosion and Transport Abrasion Deflation Desert pavement

Wind Deposition • When wind velocity decreases, particles are deposited. • Dunes: piles of

Wind Deposition • When wind velocity decreases, particles are deposited. • Dunes: piles of windblown sand – Windward side is not as steep as the leeward side – Wind causes dunes to move (“migrate”) • Loess: Thick windblown silt deposits. – Loess soils are very fertile due to abundant nutrients and minerals.

Wind Deposition Loess Dunes

Wind Deposition Loess Dunes

Glaciers • Large moving masses of ice • Currently, 10% of Earth’s surface is

Glaciers • Large moving masses of ice • Currently, 10% of Earth’s surface is covered by glaciers • Can be – Valley glaciers (alpine glaciers) – Continental glaciers

Valley Glaciers • Turns V-shaped river valleys into U-shaped glacial valleys

Valley Glaciers • Turns V-shaped river valleys into U-shaped glacial valleys

Glacial Erosion U-shaped valley with hanging stream Horn

Glacial Erosion U-shaped valley with hanging stream Horn

Glacial Erosion Cirque Arête

Glacial Erosion Cirque Arête

Formation of a Cirque

Formation of a Cirque

Glacial Deposition

Glacial Deposition

Glacial Deposition Drumlin

Glacial Deposition Drumlin

Glaciers in Indiana

Glaciers in Indiana

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Mass Movements Wind and Glaciers Section 1 MassMass Movements Wind and Glaciers Section 1 Mass
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Mass Movements Mass Movements Smith Chapter 8 MassMass Movements Mass Movements Smith Chapter 8 Mass
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Chapter 8 Mass Movements Wind and Glaciers TheChapter 8 Mass Movements Wind and Glaciers The
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GLACIERS What Are Glaciers glaciers are systems ofGLACIERS What Are Glaciers glaciers are systems of
Glaciers What are glaciers Glaciers are very largeGlaciers What are glaciers Glaciers are very large
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WIND AND GLACIERS WIND WIND EROSION AND TRANSPORTWIND AND GLACIERS WIND WIND EROSION AND TRANSPORT
Mass Movements Wind and Glaciers Objectives Identify factorsMass Movements Wind and Glaciers Objectives Identify factors
Glaciers Glaciers v Glacier a thick mass ofGlaciers Glaciers v Glacier a thick mass of
Glaciers Glaciation Glaciers Glacier a large longlasting massGlaciers Glaciation Glaciers Glacier a large longlasting mass
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CHAPTER 7 1 Glaciers Types of Glaciers 15CHAPTER 7 1 Glaciers Types of Glaciers 15