MASS MEDIA GLOBALIZATION IN MXICO Samantha Bastien Hannah

MASS MEDIA GLOBALIZATION IN MÉXICO Samantha Bastien, Hannah Onder, Guadalupe Sanchez

THE MEDIA • Mexico is considered the media power center of Spanish-speaking Latin America. • Mexico's mainstream newspapers and periodicals range in political ideology and independence from the official government newspaper El Nacional to the leftwing independent El Proceso. Although the press was for many years pro-establishment and supportive of the PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) , it diversified during the 1980 s to reflect a wider spectrum of opinion. • In early 1994, the government postponed its stated plans to sell El Nacional to private owners but declared that the newspaper would no longer receive public funding. •

THE MEDIA • The constitution of 1917 explicitly guarantees freedom of the press. Article 7 forbids prior censorship and an amendment to Article 6 adopted in 1977 declares that “the right of information will be guaranteed by the state. ” • However, these guarantees are highly qualified in practice. The Press Law of 1917, for instance, restricts the press on matters of personal privacy, morality, and public health. • Many other regulations govern the news media. The 1960 Law on Radio and Television, for instance, forbids the broadcast of material deemed offensive to national heroes. • Although nominally independent, the news media are subject to a variety of mainly indirect economic and political pressures from the government. •

THE MEDIA The Secretariat of Communications and Transport supervises the news media, granting publishing and broadcast licenses and ensuring adherence to the media laws. • Successive PRI governments have influenced the news media by paying individual journalists for favorable coverage by restricting access to newsprint and ink, by withholding information from critical journalists, and especially by granting or withholding government advertising, an important source of revenue for the press. • Government tolerance of press freedoms varies according to the sensitivities of the president in office. Traditionally, the media avoid direct criticism of an incumbent president. • • On sensitive issues affecting the government, the press provides only minimal coverage. Among the many unwritten rules is one that says that journalists are expected to respect the image of the president and other high-level government officials. • Government policies can be criticized but elected officials shouldn’t be ridiculed.

MEDIA CENSORSHIP • • • Constitution of 1917 guarantees freedom of the press Article 7 forbids prior censorship An amendment to Article 6 adopted in 1977 declares that “the right of information will be guaranteed to the state. ” Press Law of 1917 restricts the press on matters of personal privacy, morality, and public health. The 1960 Law on Radio and Television forbids the broadcast of material deemed offensive to national heroes.

MEDIA CENSORSHIP • Government tolerance of press freedoms varies according to the sensitivities of the president’s office. • The media avoids direct criticism of an incumbent president • Press provides minimal coverage on sensitive issues • Journalists are expected to respect the image of the president and other high level government officials

TELEVISION IN MÉXICO • Broadcast television in Mexico is dominated by two companies. Televisa and TV Azteca. • There is also: Once TV; Canal 11 – public, educational, cultural • Television Metropolitana; Canal 22 – governmentowned cultural network •

TELEVISION IN MÉXICO National broadcasting stations are divided into commercial and cultural networks. • Commercial stations are financed by advertising (both public and private) but must provide 12% of broadcasting time for government use. • Cultural stations are operated by government agencies or by educational institutions. • Mexican television includes news, soap operas, sports, game shows, reality shows, talk shows, as well as U. S. programs translated into Spanish. Some even adapted in Spanish. • Cultural content is available on government channels. Broadcast range is limited, although the channels are available on most pay-TV systems. (Depending on states) • Despite variety of programming on free channels, most people who can afford it pay for some type of pay TV service. • Reasons being that there is an excessive amount of time toward advertising on free television. •

TELEVISION IN MÉXICO • National broadcasting stations are divided into commercial and cultural networks. • Commercial stations are financed by advertising (both public and private) but must provide 12% of broadcasting time for government use. • Cultural stations are operated by government agencies or by educational institutions. • Mexican television includes news, soap operas, sports, game shows, reality shows, talk shows, as well as U. S. programs translated into Spanish. Some even adapted in Spanish. • Cultural content is available on government channels. Broadcast range is limited, although the channels are available on most pay-TV systems. (Depending on states) • Despite variety of programming on free channels, most people who can afford it pay for some type of pay TV service. • Reasons being that there is an excessive amount of time toward advertising on free television.

PAY TV SERVICES IN MÉXICO Cable TV in Mexico • Most common restricted TV service at present is cable. More than 4 million cable subscribers and about 1. 5 million satellite subscribers. Sky Television in Mexico • Sky Mexico is the country’s only provider of satellite TV service. It launched a prepaid service where customers buy the equipment and can buy time needed. • Mas. TV is a less expensive option which offers restricted signals via airwaves in about a dozen cities. TV-Related Services • Communications and media markets are beginning to open up and major players are preparing to offer their customers a range of media and communication services with the convenience of one supplier and one bill.

RADIO IN MÉXICO • Mexico radio offers a variety of programming from news, talk shows, rock and pop music in English and Spanish, and regional Mexican music, etc. - As with television, the amount of time given to commercial breaks in radio are excessive. • Radio Stations in Mexico - Stations and frequencies vary from region to region, but the biggest radio groups post their programming and have live streaming on the Internet. The primary commercial radio broadcasters in Mexico are: • • • Grupo Radio Centro Grupo ACIR MVS Radio Nucleo Radio Mil W Radio Instituto Mexicano de la Radio (IMER)

NEWSPAPERS IN MÉXICO • Circulation of Mexican newspapers is small compared to more developed countries. - Mexico City has 15 different newspapers; its dailies account for more than 50% of the national circulation of no more than 100, 000 issues. • Among Mexico’s newspapers are: • • Reforma - influential daily El Universal - established Mexico City daily La Jornada - daily El Sol de Mexico - daily El Financiero - business daily Siempre! – political weekly Proceso – political weekly

NEWS AGENCIES • There are five national news agencies: • • • Notimex Infomex – largest, with almost 100 offices throughout the country & 20 foreign correspondents Noti-Accion Notipress Agencia Mexicana de Informacion

MAGAZINES IN MÉXICO • Few people in Mexico read magazines, although there a number of interesting publications, from weekly news magazines to monthly fashion and other specialized publications. • • • Proceso – weekly political magazine, mostly critical of the government Vertigo – summary of week's news but carries limited original content Milenio – offers weekly news and commentary Letras Libres – contains commentary on politics and culture, wide range of subjects. Tiempo Libre – place to find out what's on in theater, cinema, concert, museums Mexico Desconocido – features cultural and natural wonders in Mexico. Monthly.

ACCESS TO INTERNET IN MÉXICO • Internet is readily available in most parts of Mexico, with about 5 million active in the country. • The main Internet provider is Telmex, the country's essential telephone company. • According to the telecommunications regulator, there were 22. 8 million users in 2007, of whom 7. 8 million use Internet at home, and 15 million either at work or public Internet access sites. • Its high-speed (DSL) internet access is known as 'Infinitum'; it also offers a dial-up service for very remote areas where DSL is currently unavailable. • Other phone companies-such as Axtel, and Maxcom also offer Internet connections, as do most cable companies via cable modem. • Mexico's government operates an 'open internet' policy and has not censored access to any internet sites or internet companies for political reasons.

SOCIAL MEDIA USERS IN MÉXICO • By 2014, 71% of Mexico’s internet users will be social media users. • As of 2012 Mexico is: I. Fifth largest market for Facebook II. Seventh largest market for Twitter III. Eighth largest market for Google+ IV. Makes up 36% of global You. Tube traffic with 86% of their online videos viewed there V. Home to 2. 1 million of 147 million Linked. In users VI. Second largest market in Latin America for Pinterest

SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCES IN MÉXICO Mana has over 5. 7 million fans on Facebook in Mexico. Blackberry Mexico only has 2 million fans on Facebook in Mexico. • The most popular social media tends to be personalities rather then top brands. • Brands began engaging people through social media due to its growing popularity. • The top brands are less than half as popular as the most popular pages.

SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN MÉXICO • Social media in Mexico has been used to highlight social movements and campaigns. • It’s used to protest poor economic and social conditions. • A major campaign was the “I am 132” carried out by the Mexican public in 2012 to show the real problems happening in Mexico. It started with a You. Tube video that showed 131 students denouncing the current economic and social conditions experienced by a majority of Mexicans. It went viral and many people took to Twitter and Facebook announcing they were the 132 person. It challenged the poltics of the country by creating this movement to action.

REFERENCES • "The Media in Mexico. " Mexico. Mexperience, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. • "Mexico - The Media. " Mexico - The Media. U. S. Library of Congress, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2016. • "Mexico Country Profile. " BBC News, n. d. Web. • "Mexico. " Mexico Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers. Advameg, Inc. , n. d. Web. • “Mexico Social Media. ” Translate Media. n. d. Web. 14 Nov. 2016. • Maza, C. (2012, June 15). Mexican Presidential Elections: ‘I Am Number 132’ Movement Shows How Social Media Has Changed Politics. Policy. Mic. Retrieved from: https: //mic. com/articles/9732/mexicanpresidential-elections-i-am-number-132 -movement-shows-how-social-media-haschanged-politics#. 717 Yks. Ph. V