Mass Depopulation Euthanasia Sheep Goat Euthanasia Adapted from

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Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia Sheep & Goat Euthanasia Adapted from the FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS

Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia Sheep & Goat Euthanasia Adapted from the FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (2015)

Euthanasia and Depopulation • Euthanasia – Transitioning painlessly and stress-free as possible • Mass

Euthanasia and Depopulation • Euthanasia – Transitioning painlessly and stress-free as possible • Mass Depopulation – Large numbers, quickly and efficiently – Consideration to welfare as practicable • Terms used interchangeably here FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Euthanasia and Depopulation • May be practiced during an animal health emergency • Goals

Euthanasia and Depopulation • May be practiced during an animal health emergency • Goals of Euthanasia – Provide humane treatment – Select acceptable method – Minimize negative emotional impact – Safeguard food chain – Prevent or mitigate disease spread FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Handling • Goal: Humane Treatment – Decrease animal stress, excitement – Conveyors, tunnel electrocution

Handling • Goal: Humane Treatment – Decrease animal stress, excitement – Conveyors, tunnel electrocution system – Do not force animals to travel quickly – Avoid electric prods • Human body position • Flight zones • Flags, plastic paddles – Handle animals quietly FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Euthanasia Methods • Acceptable (noninhalant injectable) • Barbiturates • Barbiturate derivatives • Conditionally Acceptable

Euthanasia Methods • Acceptable (noninhalant injectable) • Barbiturates • Barbiturate derivatives • Conditionally Acceptable (physical) – Penetrating captive bolt – Gunshot • Electrocution • Carbon dioxide (sheep only) FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Noninhalant Injectable • Usually impractical – Slow process – Expensive – Carcass disposal –

Noninhalant Injectable • Usually impractical – Slow process – Expensive – Carcass disposal – Record keeping • Consider if animal is a companion/hand raised FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Physical- Captive Bolt • Use appropriate restraint to ensure personnel safety • Bolt positioning

Physical- Captive Bolt • Use appropriate restraint to ensure personnel safety • Bolt positioning – Polled animal – Horned animal • Adjunct method available FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Physical- Gunshot • Conditionally acceptable – Species-appropriate ammunition, appropriate caliber weapon – Proper training,

Physical- Gunshot • Conditionally acceptable – Species-appropriate ammunition, appropriate caliber weapon – Proper training, skills, experience • Close range, same point of entry as captive bolt – Muzzle 2 -10 inches from entry point – Mature goat brain is located much farther back than might be expected FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Electrocution • If used: – Electric current through brain to stun • Ear to

Electrocution • If used: – Electric current through brain to stun • Ear to ear, poll to muzzle – Electric current through heart • Sides of animal over heart FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Carbon Dioxide • Acceptable, but impractical euthanasia method – Extensive infrastructure needed • Truck

Carbon Dioxide • Acceptable, but impractical euthanasia method – Extensive infrastructure needed • Truck or tight room could be used as chamber, with careful planning FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Adjunct Methods • Second shot • IV potassium chloride or magnesium sulfate • Pithing

Adjunct Methods • Second shot • IV potassium chloride or magnesium sulfate • Pithing • Exsanguination FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Confirmation of Death • Confirmation of death can be difficult – Sustained lack of

Confirmation of Death • Confirmation of death can be difficult – Sustained lack of heartbeat and respiration – Rigor mortis – Evaluate by competent, experienced personnel FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

For More Information • FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (MDE) (2015)

For More Information • FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: Mass Depopulation and Euthanasia (MDE) (2015) – http: //www. aphis. usda. gov/fadprep • MDE web-based training module – http: //naherc. sws. iastate. edu/ FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Guidelines Content Authors (CFSPH): • Reneé Dewell DVM, MS • Nichollette Rider, Veterinary Student

Guidelines Content Authors (CFSPH): • Reneé Dewell DVM, MS • Nichollette Rider, Veterinary Student Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS: • Lori P. Miller, PE • Darrel K. Styles, DVM, Ph. D FAD PRe. P/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Sheep & Goat USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public

Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, Ph. D, DACVPM Reviewers: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia Futoma, BS, Veterinary Student, Reneé Dewell DVM, MS

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