Masonry Details Masonry Categories u Clay Masonry made

Masonry Details

Masonry Categories u Clay Masonry – made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo – shaped in plastic state – fired in kiln at high temperatures to bond mat’l u Concrete Masonry – made of dry portland cement, aggregates, water – compacted in forms by vibration – cured under controlled temperature & moisture – aging necessary for maximum strength

Clay Masonry Units u Solid Masonry – brick (standard) » can contain holes, called cores, up to 25% of area » wide range of colors and surface textures u Hollow Masonry (exceeds 25% core area) – structural clay tile (shapes of concrete block) u Architectural Terra Cotta – flue liners – roof tiles – surface pavers

Concrete Masonry u Concrete Block – hollow – solid u Special Units – decorative – split faced – faced block

Why Masonry vs. Wood u Fireproof u Durable u Long lasting u Good compressive strength u Low maintenance u Immune to termites & rotting u No corrosion

Brick Sizes u Net vs. Nominal – Net - actual size of brick – Nominal - brick + mortar joint u Regional Size difference u Mortar Joint – joint between bricks – commonly 3/8” – range 1/4” to 1/2”

Brick Sizes u Brick Dimensions – width x height x length u Example – Nominal – Net 4 x 3 x 8 3 -5/8 x 2 -5/8 x 7 -5/8

Brick Positions u 6 possible positions – stretcher – shiner – header – rowlock – soldier – sailor

Methods of Stacking Bricks

Joint Terminology u Mortar placed between layers of brick/block – made of sand, cement, and lime – strength of mortar bond » (High) M, S, N, O, K(Low) u Each row of brick is called a wythe. Two rows of brick is termed two wythe of brick u Joint terms – collar, bed, and head

Joint Finishes u Selected based on – appearance – shadow patterns – water drainage – surface endurance

Brick Walls u Cavity – space between 2 wythe of bricks – airspace – filled with grout & steel rebar u Grout – sand, cement, and small aggregate – sloppy solution poured in cavity

Concrete Block u Block Dimensions – width x height x length u Example – Nominal – Net 8 x 16 7 -5/8 x 15 -5/8

Concrete Block u Also called Molded Concrete Units u Materials – portland cement, sand, aggregates (90% by weight) and water u Cores – Air spaces in concrete block – Used for reinforcement/insulation u Compression strength – 700 to 1800 psi (pounds per square inch)

Concrete Block Types u Standard (8 x 16) nominal – Width variations » 4” » 6” » 8” » 10” » 12”

Concrete Block Types u Sash block also called a Jamb block u Width variations – 6”, 8”, 10”, 12” u Slot design – slot on end allows for attachment of metal or wood door and windows frames

Concrete Block Types u Lintel – U-shaped piece for use over windows & doors u Width variations – 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types u Bond block – notch on top to allow for horizontal reinforcing u Width variations – 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types u Cap or paving unit – Used to cap off the open unit at the top of a wall

Problems with Masonry u Efflorescence – surface discoloration – caused by water-soluble salts in cement which are sulfates of sodium – and caused by insoluble carbonates from continuous water penetration over a long period of time – occurs during high-humidity and lowtemperature conditions – high chance happening with grouted walls

Construction Considerations u Masonry is poor in insulation (R) value – add rigid insulation or fill with insulation u Think Modular – all block and opening width dimensions are multiples of 8” – eliminates cutting – reduces costs

Brick Representation in Section Simplest Cavity Detailed Which symbol used depends on office practice and/or detail scale.

Block Sections u. A - don’t use u B - military u C-F - supported by various organizations u Symbol used depends on scale of detail

u Create the following details for sheet S-2: – 1/S-2 – 2/S-2 – 3/S-2 – 4/S-2 – 5/S-2 – 6/S-2 – 7/S-2 HINT: Look through the class architecture folder again!!!!!!