Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli The 500

Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli The 500 th Anniversary of the Reformation Session 2: Preaching the Reformation Herr Reverend Professor Doctor Dean Edward Roslof St. Alban’s Episcopal Church Washington, DC

Recap: European Christianity on the Brink Christianity in Western Europe th at the beginning of the 16 century was faith practiced by the living on behalf of the dead.

Recap: European Christianity on the Brink Christians were responsible for their dead kin: • Faith part of social scorekeeping. Dead still your kin. You needed to care for them or they would haunt you • Common dead (not Saints) waited for the Last Judgment. Mortal remains in communal graves, souls purged in Purgatory for unforgiven sins. • Christians expected to help deceased kin. Bought masses and indulgences to take time off their sentences in Purgatory.

Catholic Christianity in 1500 AD

Turning Points in Luther’s Life 1. Thunderstorm (1505) 2. Journey to Rome (1511)

Turning Points in Luther’s Life 3. Sent to Wittenberg (1511) 4. 95 Theses (1517)

Indulgences: Key Points • Sacrament of Penance – Contrition – Confession – Satisfaction – Absolution • Treasure of Merit • Papal Indulgence

A clip from “Luther” (2003) Cast: Girolamo Aleander Cardinal Thomas Cajetan Pope Leo X (aka, Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici) John Tetzel Hanna Martin Luther Albert Archbishop of Mainz

Reformation’s Five Solae 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sola fide Sola gratia Sola scriptura Solo Christo Soli Deo gloria

Reformation’s Five Solae 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sola fide (by faith alone) Sola gratia (by grace alone) Sola scriptura (by Scripture alone) Solo Christo (through Christ alone) Soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone)

Luther’s sola fide and sola gratia: Influence of Augustine of Hippo Augustine’s theology • Original Sin (Luther accepted) • Two Cities (Luther modified) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h. BAx. UBe. Vfsk

Luther’s sola scriptura The influence of the Renaissance Ad fontes (to the sources)

Watch “Crash Course World History: The Renaissance” https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vufba_Zco. R 0

Luther’s Evangelical Christianity: Simple, Personal 1. Sola fide – Catholics: both faith and good deeds needed for salvation. – Luther on reading Romans 1: 17 (“The righteous shall live by faith. ”): “I felt as if I had been born again and had entered Paradise through wide-open gates. ” 2. Sola Scriptura – Catholics: God reveals will to humans through Bible, councils, papal pronouncements. – Luther: only the Bible is divinely inspired. 3. Priesthood of all believers – Catholics: priests have special spiritual powers from Apostles, in sacraments – Luther: all Christians have direct access to God through prayer. “Priests” are men called to care for spiritual needs of parishioners full time 4. Papal usurpation. – Catholics: Pope is Vicar of Christ on earth. – Luther: Popes had illegally seized position as head of Christianity. They were not even good priests. They were the Antichrist. 5. Sacraments – Catholics: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, marriage, ordination, penance, unction – Luther: Eucharist and baptism

Next Week: Responses to Preaching the Reformation Radical Catholic