MARTIN E P SELIGMAN Joshua Lawyer IRENE BROWN

MARTIN E. P. SELIGMAN Joshua Lawyer

IRENE BROWN AND ADRIAN SELIGMAN Irene Brown Born 1905 in Nagyvarad, Hungary Moved to New York in 1911 Sympathetic manner Adrian Seligman Born 1905 in New York Persistent but avoidant Bachelors of law from New York and Juris Doctor from Columbia

LIFE IN THE DEPRESSION 1930 - Great Depression Irene and Adrian married 1931 Adrian took a job reporting judges’ decisions at the Court of Appeals Moved to Albany Sizable population of Jews Beth Seligman born 1936

MARTIN SELIGMAN Born Martin Elias Peter Seligman August 12, 1942 11: 58 am Earliest memory of mother in tears from news of Jews in Hungary

CHILDHOOD A beaming and merry young child Tried school at 4 years old but was postponed till 5 Went to School 16 Quiz Kid Attended Hebrew School taught by Jewish refugees

GROWING UP 1950 s- Korean War and Mc. Carthyism Was a brainy teenager Enjoyed showing his smarts Strongly identified Jewish until the Academy 1955 entered Albany Academy for Boys A sacrifice for the family Beth went to the free New York State Teacher’s College Immediate outcast but excelled Job at Curtis Publishing House magazines

“MY FATHER’S HELPNESSES…” Offered a scholarship by Headmaster Harry E. P. Meislahn First in class But remained a private Anti-semitism Becomes interested in Freud Graduate Albany Academy in 1960 Top in class but was not named valedictorian His father proud but Martin disappointed Accepted to Princeton University

PRINCETON 1960 s- Civil Rights movement, fear of the nuclear Attended Princeton University No longer the smartest student Still depressed and pessimistic Avoided psychology in early years “guts” department Behaviorism and Freudian Majored in philosophy Robert Nozick Atomism Bridge Captain

HELPLESSNESS First psychology lab work Disapproved current theory on masochism in rats Still unsatisfied Met Kerry Mueller Attended Bryn Mawr majoring in Greek and Latin Smitten after two weeks 1963 Cuban Missle Crisis Death of President Kennedy Death of classmate

LEARNING FROM GIANTS Peter Madison “Marty, philosophy is a good preparation for doing something else” Personality Psychologist Self-Intuition Graduate School for Psychology -1964 University of Pennsylvania Richard L. Solomon

HELPLESS DOGS “I think the dogs in my lab are helpless, and I don’t know why. ” Previous experiment on dogs based on Pavlov Dogs experienced a tone then shock to jump a barrier Investigators found theory disproved Interested in helplessness response Steve Maier Theory: animals and humans could learn that they were helpless Outcasts due to research

COGNITIVE ANIMALS Seligman and Maier test animal cognition Three groups (ESC, INESC, ZERO) After hammock, placed in shuttle box 5 out of 8 2 nd group dogs failed to escape box Published in Journal of Experimental Psychology One criticism: paralyse spelled with z Hostile rejection from Behaviorists

FIGHT THE DEPRESSION Began studying abnormal psychology Combat helplessness Immunization Therapy Ethical dilemmas Released one dog Emotionally draining

DISCUSSION QUESTION Do individuals begin to reflect their work either emotionally or personality? Or is it reverse? Do we experience learned helplessness in our daily lives?

BEHAVIORAL OR COGNITIVE Push back from Joe Wople Behavioral therapy Dogs reinforced to lie still in hammock Second experiment One group controlled the shock with staying still (ESC) Second group yoked to original, no control of shock (INESC) First group and control jumped the barrier, second remained still Wople and Seligman became friends First look into mental illness

CORNELL Offered two positions- May 1967 University of Michigan Cornell Kerry puts Ph. D on hold $9, 500 raised to $10, 000

DOCTOR MARTY 1967 - Vietnam War continues Completed graduate studies Two years eight months, a record Assistant professor at Cornell University Went by Marty Skeptical nature Academic questions: helplessness, hopelessness, trauma, fear, and depression Anxious and grumpy

TIME AT CORNELL Affirmative Action issues Unusual policy Made friends with Carl Sagan Watched the moon landing together Assassination of MLK and Robert Kennedy Discovered that helplessness was temporary Recover after a week Permeant after multiple sessions

MOVING ON Offers from Harvard and Princeton Turned down out of shame and patience Received first grant for learned helplessness Interest in learning clinical psychology Protests on campus Left Cornell-1970 Amanda Seligman born 1970

A LOOK INTO MENTAL ILLNESS 1970 s- Continued protests and Nixon as President University of Pennsylvania Training in psychiatry Cognitive therapy Two years of training Adrian moved to Miami Beach Irene remained in New York Depression

HELPLESS Connections between learned helplessness and depression Exception being suicidal thoughts Received tenure Working eighty hours a week Ignoring wife and daughter Learned helplessness in people Replicated with sound

ENGLAND 1974 decides to write a book on learned helplessness David Seligman born 1975 moves to England Investigated phobias Left Kerry for Suzanne Miller Published Helplessness Returned to Penn State

C. A. V. E. Joined the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences Wrote a textbook on abnormal psychology-1979 Suzanne left for a colleague Seligman is 38 years old Self-diagnosis depression Published Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) Collaboration with Chris Peterson Questionnaire for depression Became housemate and director of clinical training Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanation (CAVE)

POSITIVITY 1980 s- Cold War deescalating, President Ronald Regan, and laissez-faire capitalism Further development on learned helplessness Met Mandy Mc. Carthy-1984 Married Sept 18, 1988 1989 born Lara Seligman Change of mood

OPTIMISM Suggested a book on optimism by Richard Pine Resisted at first Learned Optimism published by 1990 Used research from CAVE and ASQ 1991 Gulf War The Optimistic Child Schoolchildren tests and exercises Consume Report 1994 survey 18, 000 responders, 7, 000 with problems, and 4, 100 saw a professional Long-term therapy more effective than short-term therapy Psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers equally well No specific form of therapy better Insurance coverage matters

CHANGE IN LIFE 1990 s- The Gulf War and the Internet Nikki Seligman born 1991 Darryl Seligman born 1993 President of the Division of Clinical Psychology-1993 Elected President of APA-1996 Irene Seligman died February 26, 1996

INVENTING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1996 Toronto Convention Cold shoulder from the establishment Working in the garden with Nikki Achieve a good life: health and sanity Announced Positive Psychology as a new field Supported Assembled a research team from leading social science institutes

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 FBxfd 7 DL 3 E

DISCUSSION QUESTION “Positive Psychology is the scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play. ” Is it important for psychology to focus on the building of a better life? Should we focus on teaching resilience and resistance? Is Positive Psychology a separate field of Psychology? A new field of Psychology?

GOOD CHARACTER 2000 - George H. W. Bush elected, Rising tension from Al-Qadea Opening Positive Psychology Center Suggests an un-DSM - A manual of good character and sanity Joined with Chris Peterson Developed a manual Published in 2004

SIXTY 2001 - 9/11 Dec 15 and 16 - Invitation of aid Evasion and resistance of learned helplessness 2002 - “Axis of Evil”, formation of Dept of Homeland Security Invited to speak at conference of Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape Life is looking up Positive Psychology is burgeoning Reflective Happiness Launch of “Authentic Happiness” - https: //www. authentichappiness. sas. upenn. edu/ PERMA Criticism of Positive Psychology

POSITIVE EDUCATION Geelong Grammar School (GGS) Campaign to build well-being K-12 Moved in 2006 Gross National Happiness study 5, 347 students Measured students’ well-being and standardized scores Effective over the placebo

POSITIVE HEALTH 2007 - Started looking at cardiovascular link to positive strengths Positive Health Longevity Morbidity Quality-adjusted Prognosis Health care Studies found optimism and emotional vitality reduce coronary heart diseases

THE CIA 2008 - War throughout the Middle East, Obama elected as president Allegations of aiding torture Collaboration with Rhonda Cornum Comprehensive Soldier Fitness 2015 - Terrorist attack in Paris, Charleston shooting, and Same-sex Supreme Court decision APA launches an independent investigation James Risen’s Pay Any Price accuses the APA

DR. SELIGMAN Age 75 Continuing work in Positive Psychology and Education Zellerbach Family Professor of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Director of Positive Psychology American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017), the Tang Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychology (2014)

REFENCES Seligman, M. E. (2028). The Hope Circuit. New York, NY: Public Affairs. Seligman, M. (n. d. ). The new era of positive psychology. Retrieved from https: //www. ted. com/talks/martin_seligman_on_the_state_of_psychology Martin E. P. Seligman. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //ppc. sas. upenn. edu/people/martin-ep-seligman Authentic Happiness. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. authentichappiness. sas. upenn. edu/ Peterson, C. , & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.