MARKO POLO 15 September 1254 Island of Korula

MARKO POLO 15 September 1254. , Island of Korčula - 8– 9 January 1324. , Republic of Venice Merchant traveller

Polo’s journey He was an merchan traveller from Venice whose travels are recorded in a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers. Polo influenced European cartography.

BENKO KOTRULJIĆ (Benedikt Kotruljević) Dubrovnik, 1416. – 1469. Croatian trader, economist, diplomat and humanist Location: front of hotel Sheraton, Zagreb

Oldest manuscript on double-entry The first known manual about book-keeping was Della mercatura e del mercante perfetto, (On merchantry and the perfect merchant) written in 1458 by Benko Kotruljić or Benedikt Kotruljević. It is also the oldest known manuscript on double-entry.

FREDRIK GRISOGONO Born in Zadar, 1472. – 1538. A mathematician, physicist, astronomer and physician

Theory of tides His most important contribution was theory of tides, based on the attraction of the Moon, which influenced Mark Antun Dominis. He discovered the antipodal tidal wave. His theory of tides is described in De modo collegiandi, pronosticandi et curandi febres, nec non de humana felicitate ac denique de fluxu et refluxu maris, Venice 1528.

VINKO PALETIN Island of Korčula, 1508. – Mexico, 1575. Naval theorist, a Dominican theologian, historian, mathematician, cartographer, travel writer, lawyer and diplomat

Paletin in Mexico Ø He made a map of Spain names Spagna con le de distantie whether loci. Ø He arrived to Mexico as a young missionary. Ø He mentioned that builders of Maya pyramids in Chichen-Itza, Mayapan and Uxumal, as well as builders of huge basalt heads, were in fact old Cartagians which according to antic authors sailed off long ago across Gibraltar, and discovered the New World (Hesperids). Maya Indians recounted to Paletin an old legend about "the arrival of bearded people from far away".

FAUST VRANČIĆ Sebenico, Republic of Venice (today Šibenik in Croatia), 1551. – Mletci, 1617. Polymath, inventor and bishop He was known for the invention of the parachute, but he was also a builder of bridges series of original structure, submarines, war machines, fortifications, the cable car

Vrančić’s sculpture Location: entrance to the Technical Museum

Vrančić’s parachute Ø To be the first man to build and test a parachute. Ø He was tested the parachute by jumping from St Mark's Campanile In Venice. Ø A parachute dubbed Homo Volans ("The Flying Man")

Vrančić’s windmills Windmills with both vertical and horizontal axes

Wind turbine Vrančić also described in his book Machinae Novae the first wind turbine.

MARIN GETALDIĆ Marinus Ghetaldus 2. October 1568. , Dubrovnik – 11. April 1626. , Dubrovnik Mathematician and physicist

Parabolic mirror ü Getaldić was the constructor of the parabolic mirror (66 cm in diameter), kept today at the National Maritime Museum in London. ü He worked construction of various physical instruments, such as, for example, refractory telescope.

IVO PULJIZIĆ § Born in Pučišća on the island of Brač, § Made irrigation plans for the Vatican and projected various Vatican belltowers in the time of Pope Innocent X, 17 th century

FERDINAND KONŠČAK § Varaždin, 1703 - 1757 § A Jesuit missionary, explorer, and cartographer § He was active as a missionary on New Spain's Baja California peninsula (today part of Mexico), from 1732 to the end of his life.

Baja California In 1752 he discovered that Baja California was not an island, as it had been believed until then, but a peninsula. There is a collection of rocky islets on the north of the Californian bay named in his honour as the Consag Rocks (Consag Rocas, or Roca de Consag, near San Felipe). Konščak spoke various dialects of local Indians, in particular a very difficult dialect of Cochinin Indians. He described a sort of boomerang that Indians used for hunting rabbits.

RUĐER BOŠKOVIĆ He was born in Dubrovnik 1711. , Croatia Physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath

Inventions of Ruđer Bošković He produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining theequator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon.

Sculptures of Bošković Location: entrance to the Technical Museum Location: Getaldićeva 4 Technical school Ruđer Bošković

IGNACIJE SZENTMARTONY Kotoriba in Međimurje, 1718. – 1793. Ø In 1751 he went to Lisabon, where he obtained the title of royal mathematician and astronomer, and as such was designated to be a member of expedition for determining borders. In 1753 he sailed off from Portugal to the mouth of Amazon river for geographic research there. Only a small amount of his work is preserved to these days: two maps of the Amazon and Rio Negro. By the end of his life, upon return to Croatia, he wrote the first Croatian kajkavian grammar for Germans: Einleitung zur kroatischen Sprachlehre für Teutschen, Varaždin 1783.

LUDWIG (Ljudevit) MITTERPACHER VON MITTERBURG (Mitterburg = Pazin in Istria) v Bilje (in eastern Croatia, Baranja) 1734 – 1814 v In 1777, Mitterpacher became the first professor of the newly-established agricultural faculty at the Pest University v His most significant work was the threevolume Elementa rei Rusticae, a comprehensive study of agricultural science and practice. Subjects included cultivation, plant-growing, horticulture, vine-growing, forestry, animal husbandry and food processing. His books originally written in Latin language were translated into several languages and became important works of reference for contemporary science.

FILIP VEZDIN or WESDIN Your Slogan here Croatian village of Cimov (Hof am Leithagebirge) in Lower Austria in Burgenland (Gradišće) 1748. – 1806. Pioneer of European indology Vezdin was sent to India in 1776, where he learned Sanskrit and several Indian dialects Vezdin's research gave a great impetus to investigation of culture and civilization of India in Europe

FRANJO DOMIN Zagreb, 1754. – 1819. Domin studied physics and theology in Vienna and later became a dean at the Faculty of Philosophy and rector of the University of Budapest. He was among the first who cured various diseases by electrotherapy using static electricity.

IVAN LUPIS (GIOVANNI BIAGIO LUPPIS) 27. August 1813. , Rijeka – 11. January 1875. , Torriggia Croatian-Italian officer of the Austro-Hungarian Navy who developed the first prototypes of the selfpropelled torpedo

Lupis’s torpedo He invented in 1860. , and built a torpedo which was later perfected by British mechanical engineer, Robert Whitehead. A few years later in Rijeka was founded first torpedo factory in the world. From 1880. years Lupis-Whitehead torpedo armament becomes standard developed navies. Torpedo has changed the way warfare at sea and transferred the battlefield from the air and land in the sea water.

ANTE ŠUPUK 21. August 1838. , Šibenik – 11. May 1904. , Šibenik Croatian engineer and inventor

Hydroelectric power plant ü In 1895 he built the Jaruga Hydroelectric Power Plant as one of the world's first hydroelectric power plants, and connected it to a lighting system using alternating current. It was the first of its kind in Dalmatia and Croatia. ü Šibenik became the first city in Europe who got the polyphase AC system to supply 320 city lights. ü Two days after Jaruga was released hydroelectric Power at Niagara Falls to Tesla's patent.

FERDINAND KOVAČEVIĆ Gospić, 1838. – 1913. Croatian inventor, engineer, and pioneer in telegraphy.

Telegraphy He invented the possibility of telegraphic connection along a single wire (the duplex connection), whereas before four wires had been used. By the way, Zagreb had its telegraph lines only six years after the first telegraph lines in the world introduced by Morse (Washington. Baltimore, 1844).

JOSIP BELUŠIĆ Županići near Labin, 12. March 1847 Croatian inventor of the electric speedometer

Velocimetar In 1888 Josip Belušić invented and designed the first electric speedometer. This invention was patented in Austria-Hungary under the name of “velocimeter’’.

SPIRIDION BRUSINA 11. December 1845. – 21. May 1909. Dubrovnik Croatian malacologist He was analyzed and classified 600 fossil species. He has a great merit for popularizing science in Croatia. Natural scientists throughout Europe named in his honor about 50 species according to his name.

DAVID SCHWARZ He was born in Hungary 1852. , but when he was thirteen years old, moved in Županja, Croatia. Aviation inventor

Scharz’s airship Schwarz's airship flew November 3, 1897. to Tempelhof airfield near Berlin. He raised to a height of 466 meters. But Scwarz not lived to see this day because he died of a heart attack ten months earlier. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin purchased Schwarz's airship patent from his widow, a claim which has been disputed.

ANTUN LUČIĆ (Anthony F. Lucas) Island of Hvar, Croatia, 1855. - Washington, USA, 1921. He discovered the first major gusher in Texas

The Lucas gusher ü The Lucas gusher, flowing at the rate of 80, 000 to 100, 000 barrels per day ü It blew in January 1901. About 50, 000 people came to see it. This meant the earliest massive exploitation of oil and petroleum in the world. ü Anthony Lucas (Antun Lučić) invented the so called "Christmas tree", which is the system of valves and pipes installed on the wellhead to harness a gusher. ü His company became one of the first oil companies in Texas

Some of the most important inventions of Anthony F. Lucas, that are still in use Overhead method of mining in salt mines Surface exploration of underground mineral deposits Application of hydraulic rotary rig in oil well drilling Construction and application of back pressure valve Use of clay for drilling fluids Construction of blowout, so called "killing" equipment Designing of well logs

NIKOLA TESLA Smiljan, 10. srpnja 1856. – New York, SAD, 7. siječnja 1943. Emigrating to the United States in 1884. Inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supplysystem.

Nikola Tesla § Nikola Tesla gave the world more than 700 § § § § § inventions, some unfortunately less known to the public. The most important inventions: The system of multi-phase currents and the rotating magnetic field (AC polyphase motors and generators on the principle of a rotating magnetic field) AC transmission system and distribution of electricity Tesla oscillation transformer (Tesla Coil) Lighting using high-frequency currents The system of wireless transmission of radio signals and power Teleautomation (remote control boat) Tesla turbine Radio

Brainy. Quote “I don't care that they stole my idea. . I care that they don't have any of their own” “If your hate could be turned into electricity, it would light up the whole world. ”

DRAGUTIN GORJANOVIĆ KRAMBERGER Zagreb, 1856. – 1936. Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archeologist

Neanderthal people He discovered the richest collection of remains of Diluvial Neanderthal people in the world on a site not far from Zagreb (Krapina). He was the first man in history to have used X-rays to analyze fossil bones (X-rays were discovered by Nikola Tesla). Gorjanović-Kramberger's research helped prove theory of evolution of human species, and his theories have had an impact on the social view of the world.

IVAN VUČETIĆ (Juan Vucetich) Island of Hvar, 1858. - Argentina, 1925. A criminologist and anthropologist

Dactilonome He was one of the pioneers of the scientific dactiloscopy (identification by fingerprints) and occupied the position of the director of the Center for Dactiloscopy in Buenos Aires. His method of identification was in use throughout South America. Vucetic was also the one who introduced the notion of dactiloscopy in 1920, now in . current use worldwide Ivan Vucetic deviced an original instrument for classification of fingerprints called dactilonome.

ANDRIJA MOHOROVIČIĆ Volosko, 1857. – 1936. Croatian meteorologist and seismologist

Structure of the Earth His discovery was essential for understanding the inner structure of the Earth and the behavior of seismic waves. Together with theory of forces due to Ruđer Bošković, this is probably the greatest achievement in the history of Croatian science.

SLAVOLJUB EDUARD PENKALA He was born in Liptovský Mikuláš, Austria– Hungary, 1871. - Zagreb, 5. veljače 1922. § Becoming a naturalized Croat. Inventor, aviation pioneer, entrepreneur

Some inventions of Penkala He is author of 80 patents. His original inventions are: a mechanical toothbrush, mechanical pencil "pen“, pen with spiral plunger holder for the stylus, hard vinyl records, anode batteries, draft hovercraft, aerodynamic profile, motor aircraft, laundry detergent, thermos bottle and water bottle, brakes for wagons

FRANJO HANAMAN Ø He was born in Drenovci, 1878. , Kingdom of Croatia. Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, Croatia today Ø He was a Croatian inventor, engineer, and chemist

Electric light-bulb He was gained world recognition for inventing the world's first applied electric light-bulb with a metal filament (tungsten) with his assistant Aleksandar Just, independently of his contemporaries.

MARCEL PL. KIEPACH Križevci, 12. February 1884. – Russian front, 12. August Patented the dynamo lighting Inventor, a “Child prodigy“

Maritime compass Marcel patented a maritime compass that indicates north regardless of the presence of iron or magnetic forces. He patented an improved version in London on December 20, 1911. This second version was a remote maritime compass device, consisting of ampermeters as the indicating instruments located in different parts of the ship, resistant to magnetic forces or magnetic masses in their vicinity.

Dynamo for vehicle lighting In France, Kiepach patented a dynamo for vehicle lighting. It was an electric generator combined with the mechanical drive of the vehicle itself. His "small transformer" forlow voltage was widely implemented according to the "Kiepach-Weiland System". He also patented a power switch. He was active in various other areas of mechanics and electronics. He held correspondence with famous world scientists and inventors.

LAVOSLAV RUŽIČKA Vukovar, 13. September, 1887. - Zurich, Switzerland, 26. September, 1976. Scientist and winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry He received eight honoris causa doctorates in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.

Musk and male hormone § He proved that musky fragrances, civetone and muscone, macrocyclic ketones, which allowed the production of the precious synthetic musk fragrances. § Published a partial synthesis of the male hormone androsterone and the following year, testosterone. § In 1939 th awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

HERMAN POTOČNIK Pula, 22. December 1892. - Vienna, Austria, 27. August 1929. Expert in missile technology and a pioneer of astronautics

Space travel v At the end of the 1928 th year published a book, "The problem of space travel - a rocket engine, " in which he offered technical solutions that are at the time surprisingly new and original. v In this book he develops a detailed and accurate calculations and design for a rocket engine that achieves first space velocity (Earth's orbit), calculations of other space velocity (leaving the Earth's orbit), exactly elaborates geostationary orbit (where satellites apparently "standing" of the same item Countries - telecommunications). Entitled his masterpiece is his blueprint viable orbital station.

ERAZMO BERNARD TIĆAC Kostrena (near Rijeka) 1904. – 1968. A shipbuilding engineer The Savannah nuclear ship, the first nuclear-powered merchant ship, was built to the plans of Erazmo Tićac

The Savannah nuclear ship • The ship was launched on the 21 st of July 1959; her maiden voyage started on the 31 st of January 1962, and regular service started in 1963. It had two reactors, could reach a speed of 21 knots and with one fuel of tank it could sail for almost three and a half years. It docked in Rijeka harbour several times, first on the 19 th of November 1966. • On a plaque above the entrance to the ship's lounge was written in golden letters: "Ben Tićac, naval architect".

VILIM SREĆKO FELLER William "Vilim" Feller Zagreb, 7. July 1906. – New York, 14. January 1970. A mathematician specializing in probability theory.

‘’Mathematical genius’’ • More than 150 mathematical notions bear his name, and here are just a few of them: Feller's process, Feller's transition function, Feller's semigroup, Feller's property. • Feller was awarded the National Medal of Science of the USA in 1969.

MARIO PURETIĆ 1917. born in Croatia in the town of Sumartin on the island of Brač. Construction of what is now known as the Puretic Power Block § King of Purse Seine Fishing

Puretić Power Block Until then fishing nets had to be manually drawn by eight to ten people, which was an extremely difficult job. The Marco Seattle company developed Puretic's idea, and it soon became a standard mean of fishing in the whole world. In 1975 the United States Patent Office conferred him a special recognition for his patent which revolutionarized the fishing technology worldwide. He was elected among hundred greatest inventors of the 20 th century in the USA.

HRVOJE ŠARIĆ Knin, 1922. – 2007. He has about seventy inventions in various technical disciplines

SRF 360 In 1972 Hrvoje Šarić invented and patented the first professional 360 degree synchro-rotational photocamera in history, named SRF 360. In 1988 he deviced the first electronical construction consisting of nine BETACAM videocameras, catching every detail within the full circle, while the picture was projected onto a circular screen using nine LCD projectors based on liquid crystals.

ANTE MAGLICA (Anthony Tony Maglica) New York, 1930. , spent his childhood on the Dalmatian island Zlarin The owner and founder of Mag Instrument Inc.

Maglite flashlight The late 1970’s, the market has introduced Maglite flashlight, which is due to quality materials (made of solid aluminum), long duration and intensity of the light beam quickly became very popular with the U. S. military, police and firefighters.

FRANJO KAJFEŽ Martijanec 15. October, 1936. – Zagreb, 23. April 2004. Doctor of Chemical Sciences The creator of the tablet Valium

Valium tablet The creator of the tablet Valium, in Croatia known as Valium (a Paure – against fear). The founder of the production technology of vitamin C. Plants are always interested him, and he was especially interested in how they "draw" a chemical version of the drug substance.

DANIEL GAJSKI ü His research interests include embedded systems and information technology, design methodologies, specification languages and CAD software, and the science of design. ü On January 10, 2010. , the European Design and Automation Association (EDAA) announced that the EDAA Lifetime Achievement Award goes to Dr. Daniel Gajski. This award is given to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the state of the art in electronic design, automation and testing of electronic systems in their life.

TOMISLAV UZELAC In 1997. Tomislav Uzelac, a student of the Universty of Zagreb, Croatia, invented the AMP Playback Engine, the first successful MP 3 player. Two students from the University of Utah adapted it to work on Windows, and called it Win. AMP .

MARIN SOLJAČIĆ Ø Author of the new Wireless Power Transfer, conceived in 1996. Ø Performed the first experiment not radiating wireless energy transfer, in which the electrical network using two coils two meters distant able to light the lamp of 60 W

PLIVA TEAM (SLOBODAN ĐOKIĆ, GORJANA RADOBOJA-LAZAREVSKI, ZRINKA TAMBURAŠEV, GABRIJELA KOBREHEL) They are created a new antibiotic - Sumamed

Sumamed A group of researchers from PLIVA has created a new antibiotic at all different from other previously applied antibiotics. Because he was special, he was given the name Sumamed - "Sum sumarum medicinae". In 1980. discovered a formula of a chemical compound of azithromycin which proved to be highly effective in therapeutic treatment of bacterial infections.

Pay-by-phone parking The service of buying parking tickets via mobile phones is today widespread worldwide. The service has been conceived and developed in Croatia.

End something different, but very interesting and instructive

TIE The tie originated among Croatian mercenaries during the Prussian wars of the 17 th century: the Croat mercenaries used a scarf around the neck to hold together the opening of their shirts. This was soon adopted (under the name cravat, derived from the French for "Croat") by the upper classes in France, then a leader in fashion, and flourished in the 18 th and 19 th centuries.

AND FINALLY I MUST INTRODUCE YOU WITH ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS CROATIAN INVENTOR FOR CHILDREN

Professor Balthazar • Born in Zagreb in 1967. at the Zagreb Film studio. • One of the most famous Croatian scientists. • Professor Balthazar was a Croatian cartoon series for children about an old inventor that ran from 1967 to 1978. • It was created by animator Zlatko Grgić.

CARTOON § If you want to see my presentation in one minute, I suggest that you look at the cartoon called Croatian_Invention on vimeo by Dražen Željković § https: //vimeo. com/66031930

Literature: Ø Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ø http: //www. croatianhistory. net History of croatian science